Importance and effectiveness of the Active Labour Market Policy in youth unemployment in the case of Slovenia and the Baltic States

Svetovno gospodarstvo beleži v zadnjih petih letih slabše ekonomske rezultate, kar ima za posledico na trgu dela, tudi slabše zaposlitvene možnosti svojih udeležencev in s tem višjo stopnjo brezposelnosti. Zlasti mladi postajajo prioritetna starostna skupina, ki ji je treba nameniti dodatno pozornost, ukrepe in spodbude. V prvem delu magistrskega dela smo opredelili vrste brezposelnosti ter medsebojno primerjali trg dela v Sloveniji, Evropski uniji in baltskih državah. Podrobneje smo predstavili, na podlagi evidence registrirano brezposelnih oseb pri nacionalnem Zavodu za zaposlovanje in na podlagi ankete o delovni sili, empirične podatke za mlade brezposelne, stare od 15 do 24 let. Kot je znano, se razvitost trga delovne sile med državami precej razlikuje, saj imajo nekatere države dobro razvite mehanizme, s katerimi uspešno uravnavajo odstopanja med ponudbo in povpraševanjem na samem trgu dela, kar se odraža v nižji stopnji brezposelnosti. Države, ki imajo resne gospodarske, politične in druge težave ter namenjajo ukrepom zaposlovanja premalo pozornosti, pa beležijo visoke stopnje brezposelnosti. Osrednji raziskovalni problem je vezan na stopnjo brezposelnosti mladih v Sloveniji in baltskih državah, zato smo v tem delu podrobneje primerjali empirične podatke glede na delovno aktivnost in stopnjo brezposelnosti. V nadaljevanju smo se osredotočili na pomen aktivne politike zaposlovanja, ki je ena najpomembnejših programskih politik, tako na nacionalnem kakor tudi na evropskem trgu dela. Najprej smo prikazali njen razvoj skozi posamezna časovna obdobja, kjer smo poudarili ključne prioritete, ki so bile v tem času izpostavljene, nato pa smo predstavili njen osnovni namen in cilje, ki jim skuša v posameznem programskem obdobju slediti. Slovenija si je za preteklo obravnavano obdobje, tj. od leta 2007 do 2013 zastavila nekaj pomembnih prioritet, ki pa jih zaradi slabših ekonomskih gibanj, ni uspela realizirati, kar se odraža iz leta v leto z višjo stopnjo brezposelnosti, zlasti mladih. Vezano na aktivno politiko zaposlovanja, smo v nadaljevanju izpostavili ukrepe, s katerimi Slovenija in baltske države skušajo slediti pozitivnim tendencam na trgu dela in tako odpravljati neskladje med ponudbo in povpraševanjem po zaposlovanju. Glede na to, da je naš osrednji raziskovalni problem vezan na pomen in učinkovitost ukrepov aktivne politike zaposlovanja pri brezposelnosti mladih, smo v zadnjem delu izpostavili ključne reformne ukrepe, s katerimi skuša Evropska unija zmanjšati stopnjo brezposelnosti mladih. Izpostavili smo ukrep Jamstvo za mlade, ki je namenjen mladim, da v roku štirih mesecev po nastopu brezposelnosti, dobijo možnost dodatnega izobraževanja, pripravništva, vajeništva ali ponudbo za delo. Konkretneje pa smo predstavili ukrepe baltskih držav, s katerimi so od leta 2010, ko so dosegale nadpovprečne stopnje brezposelnosti mladih, uspele obvladati brezposelnost, tako da se sedaj brezposelnost mladih v baltskih državah giblje na nivoju povprečja Evropske unije. Na podlagi raziskave baltskega trga smo podali predloge za zmanjšanje brezposelnosti mladih v Sloveniji.The global economy recorded in the last five years worse economic performance, which are resulting even worse employment opportunities for its participants and higher unemployment on the labour market. Young people in particular, are becoming a priority age group, which is needed further attention, measures and incentives. In the first part of the master\u27s work we have identified the type of unemployment and compared the labour market in Slovenia, the European Union and the Baltic States. We also presented on the basis of evidence of registered unemployed persons at the State Employment Agency and based on the Labour Force Survey, the empirical data of unemployed young people, aged 15 to 24 years. As is known, the development of the labour market varies considerably between countries, as some countries have well-developed mechanisms to effectively regulate the discrepancy between supply and demand on the labour market, which is reflected in lower unemployment rates, other countries that have serious economic, political and other problems and devote too little attention to measures of employment, recorded higher rate of unemployment. In the following we focused on the importance of Active Labour Market Policy, which is one of the most important policies at the national and the European labour market. First, we show its development through individual periods of time where we have highlighted the key priorities that were exposed during this time, then we present its basic purpose and objectives that are attempting to follow an individual program period. Slovenia has raised for the past period time (2007–2013) some important priorities, but due to the deteriorating economic trends failed to realize, which is reflected in the higher rate of unemployment, particularly among young people. We also highlight some measures that used Slovenia and the Baltic States to follow a positive trend in the labour market and eliminate the discrepancy between supply and demand on the labour market. Our main research problem is linked to the importance and effectiveness of Active Labour Market Policy in youth unemployment and we highlighted in the last part of master\u27s work key reform measures which used European Union for reducing youth unemployment. The Youth Guarantee is aimed at young people to tackling youth unemployment and ensures that all young people get the opportunity of further education, internship, apprenticeship or job offer within four months leaving formal education or becoming unemployed. More specifically, we present the measures of the Baltic States, which are from 2010, when they reached above average unemployment rate of young people, managed to cope with unemployment, so that now youth unemployment in the Baltic States varies at the level of the European Union average. Based on the research of the Baltic labour market, we made some proposals to reduce youth unemployment in Slovenia