Prevention and alleviation of problems with varicose veins

Teoretična izhodišča: Skoraj vsak peti odrasli prebivalec srednje Evrope trpi za krčnimi žilami, ki nastanejo zaradi prizadetosti žilne stene, najpogosteje zaradi prizadetosti globokega venskega sistema. Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek krčnih žil so povišana telesna teža, službeno pogojeno pogosto stanje ali daljše sedenje, dedna obremenjenost, pogosto nošenje oprijetih hlač, previsoka obutev, nosečnost in vsesplošno pomanjkanje gibanja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti možnosti preprečevanja krčnih žil, načine lajšanja težav pri krčnih žilah ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri svetovanju. Z raziskavo želimo ugotoviti osveščenost ljudi glede preventive in zdravljenja krčnih žil. Raziskovalna metodologija: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Podatke raziskave smo pridobili s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 80 naključno izbranih oseb, pri katerih obolenje krčnih žil še ni potrjeno, čeprav so pri nekaterih simptomi že prisotni. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da ima skoraj polovica anketiranih občutek težkih nog, opaža otekanje nog ter zaznava pekočo bolečino v predelu spodnjih okončin. Večina jih ve, kaj so krčne žile, skoraj tretjina anketiranih pa si težave lajša z dvigom nog, tuširanjem spodnji okončin z mrzlo vodo in mazanjem z različnimi kremami. Prav tako dve tretjini anketiranih ve, da nastajanje krčnih žil lahko preprečujemo, ostali pa se ne zavedajo pomena preventivnih ukrepov in jih tudi ne izvajajo. Razprava in sklep: Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo pri preventivnem delovanju in izobraževanju ljudi o zdravem načinu življenja, saj se število bolnikov s krčnimi žilami povečuje. Ljudje s slabo gensko predispozicijo morajo biti še posebej dobro ozaveščeni o zdravem načinu življenja ter se izogibati dejavnikom tveganja nastanka krčnih žil. Ključnega pomena pri preprečevanju zapletov je osveščen in poučen bolnik, ki veliko pripomore k svojemu zdravju.Theoretical background: Almost one in five adult citizens of Central Europe suffer from varicose veins, which are caused by impairment of the vessel wall, usually due to impairment of the deep venous system. Risk factors for varicose veins increased because of body weight, job conditions or prolonged sitting, heredity, often wearing tight trousers, too high shoes, pregnancy and overall lack of movement. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present the possibility of preventing varicose veins, ways to alleviate the difficulties in varicose veins and the role of nurses in counseling. The purpose is to determine the awareness of people regarding prevention and treatment of varicose veins. Research Methodology: We used the descriptive method in this thesis. Research data was obtained through a questionnaire. The study involved 80 randomly selected persons whose condition of varicose veins is not yet confirmed, although some symptoms are already present. Results: This study found that less than half of those surveyed have a feeling of heavy legs, detect leg swelling and detect the burning pain in the lower extremities. Most of them know what varicose veins are, almost a third of respondents with problems help themelves by raising the legs, cold showers and use creams on legs. Also, two-thirds of respondents know that the formation of varicose veins can be prevented, while others are not aware of the importance of preventive measures and do nothing about it. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses play an important role in preventive actions and are educating people about healthy lifestyles, because the number of patients with varicose veins increases. People that are bad genetically predisposed are especially well informed about healthy lifestyles and avoid the occurrence of risk factors of varicose veins. An informed and educated patient is essential in preventing complication