JEWS IN SPAIN

Judovska vera je religija, ki se je tekom stoletij razširila po celem svetu. Iz tega okvira ni izostal niti Iberski polotok, saj so Judje imenovani Sefardi prišli v Španijo v začetku prvega tisočletja. Skozi stoletja so živeli pod različnimi vladavinami, ki so imele različne verske opredelitve. Religija vladarja je vplivala tudi na številčno judovsko skupnost. Čas Vizigotov je sprva prinesel svobodo, vendar se je konec 6. stoletja z kraljevim sprejetjem krščanstva na Jude pričel vršiti pritisk, ki je povzročil nemire, poboje, izgone in prisilno pokristjanjevanje judovskega prebivalstva. Z prihodom Arabcev Judje ponovno uživajo svobodo, njihova kultura, socialni in politični položaj se zelo razvije, zaradi česar to obdobje imenujemo tudi Zlata doba. Nastop krščanskih voditeljev pomeni izvajanje rekonkviste, ki se je razširila po polotoku. Po prisilnih pokristjanjevanjih Judje postanejo »novi kristjani« ali zbežijo iz države, saj je bil antisemitizem vse močnejši. Gre za čas inkvizicije, ki je leta 1492 pripeljala do izgon vseh Judov iz države. Življenje Judov v Španiji je bilo vedno podrejeno ukazom in volji vladarja, ki je določal njihovo usodo. Judje so kljub temu razvili visoko kulturo, umetnost, znanost, glasbo, jezik ladino ter kulinariko. Navedeno se je ohranilo vse do danes, kar nam daje vpogled v obdobje srednjega veka Judov v Španiji.Judaism is a religion that has spread worldwide over the centuries. The Iberian Peninsula was not excluded from it as the Sephardi Jews arrived to Spain at the beginning of the first millennium. Through the centuries they lived under different rule, which all had different religious beliefs. The religion of a ruler also affected the large Jewish community. The time of Visigoths initially brought freedom but at the end of the 6th century, as the king adopted Christianity, pressure was put on the Jews which caused riots, massacres, expulsions and forced Christianisation of the Jewish population. With the arrival of the Arabs the Jews enjoyed freedom once again, their culture, social and political situation developed, because of which this period is called the Golden Age. When the era of Christian rulers started they carried out Reconquista, which spread over the Peninsula. After the forced Christianisation Jews became "new Christians" or fled abroad, because anti-Semitism was getting stronger and stronger. This was the time of the Inquisition, which led to the expulsion of all Jews from the country in 1492. The life of Jews in Spain was always subdued to orders and will of the rulers, who determined their fate. Nevertheless, the Jews developed high culture, art, science, music, the language Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) and their cuisine. Aforementioned has survived until today and gives us an insight into the medieval period of Jews in Spain