Obrnjeno dokazno breme in organiziran kriminal : magistrsko delo

Demokracije, temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine, socialna blaginja in vladavina prava so prve, ki jim gospodarski kriminal predstavlja grožnjo, hkrati je oviran ekonomski razvoj družbe, moralna načela in pa državne institucije. Konsolidacija demokracije in prehod iz socialističnega v lastninski sistem, pravna, politična in gospodarska preobrazba pri nas je imela za posledico porast gospodarske kriminalitete. Slednja pa, kot posebnost organiziranega kriminala, zahteva ustrezno politiko obravnave in zajezitve. Odvzem premoženjske koristi, kot tradicionalno orožje kazenskega prava, z odvzemom, zamrznitvijo ali zasegom premoženja, ki izvira iz storitve kaznivega dejanja, dandanes ne zadostuje več. Kljub njegovi splošni razširjenosti se je pokazala potreba po institutu, ki bi tudi v postopkih civilnega prava omogočal uspešen boj zoper protipravno pridobljeno korist. Kot uspešen se je v »boju« zoper gospodarski kriminal izkazal institut obrnjenega dokaznega bremena. Najuspešnejša država, ki velja za primer dobrih praks, je Republika Irska. Od leta 1996 na podlagi zakona uspešno uporablja tovrstni institut in je hkrati uspešna v primerih večjih vrednosti ter posledično težjih kršitev. Novost v našem pravu je nedvomno Zakon o odvzemu premoženja nezakonitega izvora, ki v svojih določbah vpeljuje institut obrnjenega dokaznega bremena. Obdolžencu je omogočeno, da se razbremeni obveznosti na način, da dokaže, da ima njegovo pridobljeno premoženje zakonito podlago.Democracy, human rights and fundamental freedoms, social welfare and the rule of law are first, threatens by economic crime. At the same time economic development of society, moral principles and state institutions are hindered. Consolidation of democracy, transition from socialist to ownership system, legal, political and economic transformation, resulted an increase of economic crime in our country. The later, as a special organized crime requires proper policy of treatment and containment. Withdrawal, freezing or seizure of property, as a traditional weapon of criminal law is these days no longer sufficient. Despite its prevalence, an institute in civil law proceedings allows a successful fight against unlawful acquired assets is needed. Institute of reversed burden of proof has been demonstrated as well proven institute against economic crime. As a case of good practice, Republic of Ireland, is used as one of the most successful countries in this field. From 1996, Republic of Ireland successfully applies this institute accordingly to law and is effective of larger values and, consequently, serious failures. The novelty in our law is clearly Law on deprivation of property of illegal origin. In its provisions the law introduces the institute reversed burden of proof. The accused is allowed to be discharged of its obligations if he/she demonstrates that he/she acquired his/her wealth legitimately