FACTORS INFLUENCING YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ABROAD

Zaposlovanje mladih Slovencev v tujini je pojav, ki zajema čedalje več mladih. S tem ko se gospodarsko stanje doma slabša, se izseljevanje mlade delovne sile povečuje. Posledično se nekateri posamezniki odločijo za zaposlovanje in s tem tudi življenje v tujini, saj doma priložnosti za zaposlitev ne vidijo več. V teoretičnem delu opredeljujemo pojav migracij in pregled različnih migracijskih teorij. V nadaljevanju zajamemo zgodovinski pregled slovenskih migracij in stanje slovenskih migracij danes. V osrednjem delu predstavimo predvsem glavne ekonomske dejavnike zaposlovanja v tujini v širšem smislu, in sicer pregledamo trg dela doma in ga primerjamo z ostalimi državami, nato predstavimo bruto domači proizvod, ki ga prav tako primerjamo po posameznih državah. Pregledamo in primerjamo tudi minimalne in povprečne plače po evropskih državah ter nekaterih ostalih državah sveta. Posvetimo se tudi ostalim dejavnikom ter načinom iskanja zaposlitve v tujini. Pred koncem teoretičnega dela predstavimo nekaj poglavitnih razlogov za uveljavljanje ukrepov evropske komisije glede zaposlovanja mladih v Evropski uniji. Empirični del zajema opredelitev raziskovalnih vprašanj, ki se nanašajo na zaposlovanje mladih Slovencev v tujini. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, kateri so tisti dejavniki, ki imajo največji vpliv na zaposlovanje mladih v tujini, kateri so kanali iskanja zaposlitve v tujini, ali obstajajo razlike pri zaposlovanju v tujini med višje izobraženim in nižje izobraženim kadrom in navsezadnje tudi, kakšno je zadovoljstvo z zaposlitvijo v tujini. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se dejavniki zaposlovanja v tujini po pomembnosti med seboj bistveno ne razlikujejo, da iskalci zaposlitve v tujini največkrat delo v tujini iščejo neposredno pri tujem delodajalcu in na takšen način zaposlitev tudi največkrat dobijo. V raziskavi ne ugotovimo povezanosti med stopnjo izobrazbe in časom iskanja zaposlitve v tujini. Prav tako se ne pokaže povezanost stopnje izobrazbe z opravljanjem svojega poklica v tujini. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali tudi, da je splošno zadovoljstvo z zaposlitvijo v tujini visoko in da večina anketiranih ne razmišlja o povratku v Slovenijo.Employment of young Slovenians abroad is a phenomenon that covers more and more young people. Thus, as the economic situation at home is getting worse, the outflow of young labor force increases. As the result, some individuals decide to seek employment abroad and thereby also to live abroad, as they can no longer see the opportunity to do so at home. Theoretical part of the thesis includes definitions of migration phenomenon and presentation of different migration theories. Then we capture Slovenian migrations throughout history and the situation today. In central part, we mostly focus on the main economic factors of employment abroad in the wider sense, therefore we review the labor market at home and compare it to other countries. We do the same with the gross domestic product. Next we review and compare the minimum and average wages by European countries and some other countries worldwide. We also concentrate on other factors and ways to seek employment abroad. Right before the end of theoretical part we present some of the main reasons for the enforcement of different measures of European commission on youth employment in European Union. Empirical part includes definition of the research questions regarding employment abroad. Goal of the research is to determine what are the factors that influence decision about employing abroad, how people search for employment abroad and if there are any differences in employment abroad regarding the education level and after all what is the satisfaction rate with employment abroad. Research results showed there were no significant differences in the importance of different factors of employment abroad and that people mostly use the direct approach with foreigner employer to search for employment. That is also the way most of people actually get the employment abroad. There were no differences in time of search for employment and performing ones occupation regarding the level of formal education. Results of the research also showed high level of satisfaction with employment abroad and that most of migrants don’t have any intent of coming back to Slovenia