EX POST CONSTRUCTION ALLOWANCE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE NATURE

Zakon o graditvi objektov predpisuje pridobitev gradbenega dovoljenja pred začetkom nove gradnje, rekonstrukcije objekta, nadomestne gradnje, odstranitve objekta in del, povezanih s spremembo namembnosti objekta. Vsaka gradnja, ki se opravi v nasprotju s to določbo, predstavlja nelegalno – črno gradnjo. Izjema od omenjene določbe so le enostavni objekti, za katere pred gradnjo ne potrebujemo gradbenega dovoljenja. S pojmom »črna gradnja« poimenujemo gradnjo oziroma dela, za katera je predpisano gradbeno dovoljenje, pa so izvedena oziroma se izvajajo brez veljavnega gradbenega dovoljenja. Takšna gradnja povzroča veliko negativnih posledic za okolje in za naravo. Nepremišljeno umeščanje takšnih objektov, predvsem na najugodnejših lokacijah, povzroča krčenje njiv in gozdov, ruši naravni ekosistem, poslabša ekološke razmere. Ko govorimo o družbenih posledicah, to pomeni, da občinski oziroma državni proračun ostaneta brez pomembnega prihodka, ki ga morajo sicer plačati investitorji ob pridobivanju gradbenega dovoljenja. Lastnikom sosednjih zemljišč lahko nelegalna gradnja zmanjša vrednost njihovega zemljišča, saj morda zastre pogled, preprečuje prihodnjo gradnjo ceste, preobremeni komunalne vode. Investitor črne gradnje lahko doseže legalno stanje na dva načina. Prva možnost je, da nelegalni objekt legalizira, torej da naknadno pridobi gradbeno dovoljenje. Poleg postopka legalizacije lahko vzpostavi legalno stanje svoje nepremičnine le še z rušitvijo in z vzpostavitvijo prejšnjega stanja. Pomembno vlogo pri tem ukrepu imajo gradbeni inšpektorji, ki odrejajo sankcije zoper črnograditelje.The Construction act obligates the acquisition of building permission before starting a new construction, reconstruction of the building, making a substitute building, removing a building and for the work related with conversion of the building’s intention. Every construction, which is made in contrary with this act, is considered to be illegal – “black construction.” Exception to the act can only be simple constructions, for which building permission is not required. The term “black construction” is used for the constructions or works which require the building permit, but are done without the valid building permit. That kind of construction has a lot of negative effects for the environment and the nature. Unconsidered positioning of those objects, mostly in the nicest areas, is causing the contraction of the working fields and forests, destroying the natural ecosystem, impair the ecological conditions. Considering the social consequencesmunicipality and state budget lacks of income, which the investors should bring with paying for the building permit. The owners of the bordering lands to black construction are also deprivedthose constructions can devaluates their lands with screening the view, prevent building of the roads, overburden the municipality water, etc. Investors to black constructions have two options how to legalize the labour. First option is to legalize the object subsequently, to get the building permission afterwards. The second option is with demolition of the object, therefore getting it to the previous state. There the building inspectors are playing the crucial role with sanctioning the people building on black