Prvi pristop do žrtev kaznivih dejanj : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Diplomsko delo obravnava prvi pristop uradnih oseb (kriminalistov, policistov, preiskovalcev) do žrtev kaznivih dejanj. Ugotovljeno je, da je pravilni prvi pristop ključen za nadaljnjo uspešno preiskavo kaznivega dejanja in za učinkovito okrevanje žrtev ter njihovo soočanje s travmami, ki jih dejanje povzroči. Nepravilni pristop žrtvam oteži ali celo onemogoči okrevanje. V diplomskem delu je predstavljena problematika pripisovanja krivde žrtvam, ki je med organi kazenskega pregona resen problem. V nadaljevanju so opredeljene osnovne potrebe, ki jih imajo osebe po tem, ko postanejo žrtve kaznivega dejanja. Zaradi drugačnih potreb določenih vrst žrtev so posebej obravnavane ranljive skupine žrtev kaznivih dejanj. V to skupino spadajo otroci in starejši, ki postanejo žrtve, žrtve z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo, žrtve z avtizmom, žrtve z duševno boleznijo, mentalno ovirane žrtve, slepe in slabovidne žrtve, gluhe in naglušne žrtve, žrtve z gibalno oviro in priseljenci, ki postanejo žrtve kaznivih dejanj. Posebno pozornost pa potrebujejo tudi žrtve določenih tipov kaznivih dejanj, saj so v nekaterih primerih posledice nepravilnega pristopa lahko za žrtve uničujoče. Med te tipe spadajo spolni zločini, družinsko nasilje, prometne nesreče, povzročene zaradi alkohola, trgovina z ljudmi, množično nasilje in umor, kjer so žrtve svojci umorjenega. Zadnji del naloge je namenjen pregledu pomoči žrtvam kaznivih dejanj. Posebej so predstavljene državne institucije in nevladne organizacije. Slednjim teorija pripisuje velik pomen, saj žrtvam državne institucije ne nudijo celostne in učinkovite pomoči.My diploma thesis deals with the officers’ (detectives, police officers, investigators) first approach to crime victims. It has been established that the first approach is crucial for successful further crime investigation, effective victims’ recuperation and their confronting with trauma caused by the criminal act. Diploma paper represents issues of guilt attribution to victims, which appears as a serious problem among law enforcement. In continuation there are defined some persons’ basic needs, that are needed after becoming crime victims. Vulnerable groups as crime victims are especially discussed, because they have different needs than other crime victims. This group includes: child victims, older victims, victims who have Alzheimer’s disease, victims who have autism, victims who have a mental illness, victims with mental retardation, victims with blindness or vision impairment, victims who are deaf or hard of hearing, victims with a disability affecting physical mobility and immigrant victims. Special attention is committed also to individuals that belong to specific types of criminal victimization, because false approach can cause destructive consequences for victims. Those are victims of sexual assault, domestic violence, victims of drunk driving crashes, victims of human trafficking, victims of mass casualty crimes and survivors of homicide victims. The final part of my work is devoted to a review of different kinds of help that can be given to crime victims. There are represented state institutions and non-governmental organizations. The latter theory attaches considerable importance, because state institutions do not offer overall and effective help for victims