THE USE OF NATURAL MOVEMENT FORMS IN PRACTISING ATHLETICS FOR CHILDREN

V teoretičnem diplomskem delu z naslovom Uporaba naravnih oblik gibanja pri vadbi atletike za otroke smo ugotavljali, katere naravne oblike gibanj se uporabljajo na vadbi atletike. Najprej so predstavljene naravne oblike gibanj, ki spremljajo človeka od rojstva pa tja do smrti. Opredelili smo motorične sposobnosti, ki vplivajo na izvedbo najpreprostejših gibanj, kot so hoja, teki, skoki in meti, katere uvrščamo v atletiko. V nadaljevanju smo opisali atletiko kot zelo specifično heterogeno športno panogo. Opredelili smo uporabo naravnih oblik gibanja na vadbeni uri, katere predstavljajo gibalno abecedo za otroke. Predstavljena je vloga prostora za vadbo atletike ter vloga pripomočkov in igral. Opredelili smo tudi uporabo pripomočkov v različnih starostnih obdobjih. Ugotovili smo, da je vadba atletike s pomočjo naravnih oblik gibanja ena temeljnih športnih dejavnosti pri mlajših otrocih. Otroci naj doživljajo atletiko kot igro, zato morajo biti naravne oblike čim pogosteje prisotne na vadbeni uri. Z igralnimi oblikami pri vadbi atletike spodbujamo večjo motivacijo in hitreje dosegamo želene učinke vadbe. Atletika je pri otrocih najbolj razširjena športna panoga, saj se otrok najprej nauči teči, skakati in metati. Otroci pri spontani vadbi obvladajo tek, skoke in mete, kateri so prirojeni, saj otroci brez posredovanja odraslih obvladajo »spontano atletiko«. Najbolj dojemljivi pri vadbi atletike iz vidika izpopolnjevanja in pridobivanja znanj in motoričnih sposobnosti so otroci, stari od 7 do 10 let, zato imenujemo ta leta »zlata leta« motoričnega razvoja. Z različnimi naravnimi oblikami gibanja otroci med vadbo atletike razvijajo motorične sposobnosti, potrebne za posamezne atletske discipline. Motorične sposobnosti so otroku prirojene in pridobljene. Na izvedbo gibalne naloge imajo velik vpliv motorične sposobnosti, in sicer vzdržljivost, hitrost, moč, preciznost in koordinacija.In the theoretical diploma work with the title The Use of Natural Movement Forms in Practicing Athletics for Children we were trying to find out which natural movement forms are used in practicing athletics. First of all, natural movement forms, accompanying a human being from birth to death, have been presented. We determined the motoric abilities that have influence on performing the simplest movements like walking, running, jumping, throwing - all being used in athletics. In continuation we described athletics as a very specific heterogeneous form of sports. We determined the use of natural movement forms at a Physical Education lesson that represent a movement ABC for children. The role of premises meant for athletic practice and the role of sport accessories and play equipment have been presented. We also determined the use of accessories at various ages of life. We found out that athletic practice, with the help of natural movement forms, is one of the basic sports activities in young children. The children should experience athletic as a game. For that reason the natural forms need to be present at Physical Education lessons as often as possible. By using playing forms in athletic practice we stimulate a higher motivation and achieve faster the desired practice effects. Athletics is the widest spread form of sports in children, because first of all a child learns to run, jump and throw. At spontaneous practice the children cope with running, jumping and throwing, which are inborn, because they master “spontaneous athletics” without adult intervention. At athletic practice the children are most approachable to continuous development and gaining knowledge and motoric abilities at the age between 7 and 10 years, therefore, we call these years “the golden years” of motoric development. During an athletic practice, using various natural movement forms, the children develop motoric abilities needed for single athletic disciplines. Motoric abilities in children are inborn and can be gained. The implementation of a movement task is largely influenced by motoric abilities: endurance, speed, power, precision and coordination