FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE SPODNJEPOSAVSKA REGION

Zaposlenost oziroma stopnja brezposelnosti je eden od pomembnejših pokazateljev uspešnosti makroekonomskega delovanja države in zadovoljstva njenih prebivalcev. Brezposelnost se je v času gospodarske krize v zadnjih letih močno povečala. Povečala se je tako v Sloveniji kot v regijah znotraj države. V delu nas je zanimalo, kakšno je stanje na trgu dela v Spodnjeposavski regiji. Ker je stopnja brezposelnosti v regiji nad povprečjem Slovenije, smo preučili, kakšni so vzroki za to odstopanje. Ugotovili smo, da ima regija neugodne demografske (nizka izobraženost, staro prebivalstvo) ter gospodarske (prevladujoč kmetijski, industrijski sektor) razmere, kar vpliva na slabe razmere na trgu dela in kar je v trenutnih gospodarskih razmerah povzročilo zapiranje številnih podjetij in dodatno povečalo brezposelnost. Ugotovili smo, da je v regiji nadpovprečno visok delež brezposelnih ženk, starejših in mladih, neustrezna izobrazbena in poklicna struktura ter prevladujoča dolgoročna brezposelnost. Izvaja se kar nekaj ukrepov v regiji, namenjenih zmanjšanju strukturne brezposelnosti, vendar brez ustvarjanja novih delovnih mest ti ukrepi ne bodo imeli velike vloge pri reševanju zlasti dolgotrajne brezposelnosti.The rate of employment or unemployment is one of most significant indicators of effectiveness of macroeconomic policies of the state and contentment of its citizens. In the last few years of the present economic crisis, the unemployment rate has increased greatly. The rate increased on the national, as well as on the regional level. The paper focuses on the labour market situation of Spodnjeposavska Statistical Region. As the unemployment rate in the region is above Slovene average for a longer period of time, we looked for reasons for this deviation. We found out that the region has unfavourable demographic (low level of education, demographic ageing) and economic (prevalent agricultural and industrial sectors) situation, which in turn affects the unfavourable labour market situation. In the present economic circumstances this kind of situation has caused closing down of firms and an additional increase in unemployment. We stated that the region has the above average rate of unemployed women, older and young people, disadvantageous educational and professional structure and prevailing long-term unemployment. The region is taking several measures for the reduction of structural unemployment. However, without creating new jobs, these measures will not play an important role in saving the unemployment, particularly a long-term one