Vpliv percepcije varnosti na odločitev za potovanje : magistrsko delo

Povezava med varnostjo in turizmom je zelo kompleksen pojav. Varnost postaja čedalje bolj pomembna dobrina posameznika, turizem pa obsega vedno večji del globalnega varnostnega prostora. Skozi čas in s pomočjo globalne razširjenosti informacij je turizem po različnih opredelitvah postal globalna ekonomska dejavnost, na globalni ravni pa se posledično pojavlja več tveganj, ki so splet različnih okoliščin (družbeno-političnih, psiholoških in drugih), spremenil pa se je tudi način odločanja za potovanje. Dejavniki ogrožanja so tako prisotni v določenem času in prostoruv zadnjem času se izpostavljajo predvsem nestabilne družbeno politične razmere, naravne nesreče, oboroženi napadi, različni avtorji pa kot dejavnike ogrožanj navajajo tudi bolezni in epidemije, kriminaliteto, izredne (družbene) razmere, terorizem, vojne, neznano okolje, negativen odnos domačinov, kulturo in običaje, nevarne živali in rastline, prevozna sredstva. Ugotavljamo, da se posamezniki za potovanja odločajo na podlagi različnih dejavnikov, le-tem pa je skupno pomembna podlaga, na kateri posamezniki zaznajo oziroma razvijejo percepcijo varnosti, kar se povezuje tudi z razvojem t. i. »imidža« destinacije. Tako niso pomembni samo dejavniki tveganja, pač pa tudi dejavniki odločanja. Analiza zbranih podatkov je potrdila domneve večje izpostavljenosti dejavnikom tveganj in ogrožanj za ženske, ter manjšo dovzetnost za vire tveganj in ogrožanj zaposlenih na področju turizma. Kot najpogostejše tveganje se označuje izguba prtljage oz. osebnega premoženja, poleg tega pa visok faktor tveganja predstavlja tudi možnost ropa. Dejavnik, ki v povprečju najbolj vpliva na odločitev za potovanje izpraševancev, je prisotnost kriminala na določeni destinaciji. Neusklajeno delovanje organizacij tako na lokalni, državni in mednarodni ravni, na področju turizma, politike, ekonomije in drugih panog, kaže na potrebo po proaktivnem delovanju, boljšem sodelovanju ter izboljšanju informiranosti, to pa dosežemo s pomočjo kriznega managementa in sorazmerno porazdelitvijo odgovornosti in nadzora med posamezne organizacije, ob ustrezni ravni ozaveščenosti udeležencev turistične dejavnosti.The correlation between tourism and security is very complex. Security is still the most important social need, while tourism is growing up worldwide. According to different definitions, through the time and global dimensions tourism easily became global economic power. As the global dimensions are growing, more threats and risks are coming up, which result from various circumstances (social, political, psychological, etc.). At the same time, perception about travelling decisions has changed, too. It is a fact that tourism effects on security/safety in the given time and space where the threatening factors are present. Lately, some threats like unstable political situations, natural disasters, armed attacks, are primarily exposed. However, some authors recognized other threatening factors like disease and epidemic, crime, state of emergency, terrorism, war, unknown environment, the negative attitude of the local people, culture and tradition, dangerous species and means of transport. Furthermore, the decisions about travelling planes depend on different factors that have a common basis which helps to perceive and evolve the safety perception and it’s therefore related to the »image« of destination. However, not only the risk factors, but also the decision-making factors play an important role. Analysis of the data gathered has confirmed that women feel more exposed to the risk factors than men, as well as the employees who work in tourism showed less susceptibility to the risks and threats if compared to the individuals that never worked in tourism industry. The most common risk refers to lost luggage or personal property while a high risk factor is also the possibility to get robbed. On average, the greatest impact on travelling decision has the crime presence. Due to the negligible reconciliation between different organizations at the local, national and international level, it is necessary to start with proactive activities, better cooperation and improving information. This improvement can only be achieved by the crisis management and proportional allocation of responsibility and control over individual organizations with the appropriate level of tourist\u27s awareness