EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM SESAME SEEDS BY VARIOUS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

Pridobivali smo sezamovo olje iz sezamovega semena. Uporabili smo dva postopka ekstrakcije – konvencionalno ekstrakcijo z različnimi topili in superkritično ekstrakcijo. Kot topila pri konvencionalni ekstrakciji smo uporabili heksan, etanol in petroleter. Pri superkritični ekstrakciji smo kot topilo uporabili propan. Imeli smo šest različnih ekstrakcijskih pogojev. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov in dobljenega olja smo izračunali izkoristke ekstrakcij. Vsak ekstrakt smo tudi umilili. Vzorcem smo določali vsebnost maščobnih kislin v olju in antioksidativno kapaciteto olja. Vsebnost maščobnih kislin smo določali s plinsko kromatografijo in ugotovili, da prevladujeta oleinska in linolna maščobna kislina. Antioksidativnost smo določali po metodi Photochem. Največji izkoristek pri konvenkcionalni ekstrakciji smo dobili s topilom heksan, pri superkritični ekstrakciji pa pri pogojih T=50°C in p=100bar. Ugotovili smo, da je sezam dobra oljna rastlina, saj smo imeli čez 50% izkoristke ekstrakcije. Glede na rezultate in potek eksperimentov smo ugotovili, da je boljša superkritična ekstrakcija, kot pa klasična konvencionalna ekstrakcija, saj je izkoristek bistveno večji, pa tudi olje je čistejše.The main purpose of this work is extraction of sesame oil from sesame seeds and extracts analysis. Extraction was performed using the two different methods - conventional extraction with different solvents and supercritical extraction. Solvents that were used for conventional extraction are hexane, ethanol and petroleum ether. Solvent that was used in supercritical extraction is propane. In this research we considered six different conditions of extraction. Based on the results and obtained oil we also calculated the efficiency of extraction. All extracts were saponified and fatty acids present in each sample were analysed by gas chromatography. Results showed, that in samples oleic and linoleic fatty acid dominated. Antioxidant capacity was determined by Photochem method. Maximum efficiency with conventional extraction method, was achieved by solvent hexane, while with supercritical extraction, that was performed at the following conditions: T=50°C and p=100bar. The results of the study suggest that sesame is a good oil plant, because efficiency of extraction were above 50%. Based on the results it can be concluded that between both methods of extraction used, the supercritical extraction is better than conventional. Efficiency was significantly higher and also the oil obtained was cleaner