Ukrepi zoper neprištevne storilce kaznivih dejanj : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Neprištevnost je stanje, v katerem se človek ne zaveda svojega ravnanja ali pa ga nima oziroma ga ne more imeti v oblasti. Slovenski Kazenski zakonik-1 določa, da neprištevni storilci kaznivih dejanj niso kazensko odgovorni in da se jim namesto kazni izrekajo varnostni ukrepi, s čimer naj bi se dosegel namen sankcioniranja neprištevnih storilcev, to je odprava stanja, ki je privedlo do same izvršitve kaznivega dejanja, in preprečevanje ter odpravljanje nevarnosti, ki jo neprištevni storilci predstavljajo sebi in družbi. Slovenska kazenska zakonodaja pozna naslednje varnostne ukrepe: obvezno psihiatrično zdravljenje in varstvo v zdravstvenem zavodu, obvezno psihiatrično zdravljenje na prostosti, prepoved opravljanja poklica, odvzem vozniškega dovoljenja in odvzem predmetov, ki se neprištevnim in (bistveno) zmanjšano prištevnim storilcem kaznivih dejanj izrekajo v okviru kazenskega postopka. Ureditev na Hrvaškem je drugačna od slovenske ureditve. Kazenskopravni varnostni ukrepi se namreč izrekajo samo bistveno zmanjšano prištevnim storilcem, neprištevnim storilcem pa se izreče prisilna namestitev v okviru civilnega postopka po Zakonu o zaščiti oseb z duševnimi motnjami. Kanadsko kazensko pravo v primerjavi s slovenskim predvideva samo zavestno ali intelektualno sestavino psihološkega pogoja neprištevnosti, saj je kazenska odgovornost lahko izključena le na podlagi nezmožnosti razsojanja, ne pa tudi na podlagi nezmožnosti upravljanja z lastnim ravnanjem. Neprištevni storilci kaznivih dejanj se, ko je ugotovljena njihova neprištevnost, obravnavajo v okviru zakonodaje s področja duševnega zdravja. Kazensko sodišče lahko neprištevnega storilca tudi samo nepogojno ali pogojno oprosti ali pa mu izreče ukrep prisilne namestitve v psihiatrično bolnišnico. Poleg kazenskega sodišča lahko omenjene ukrepe sprejme tudi t. i. nadzorni odbor v provinci, in sicer 45 dni po izreku sodbe sodišča.Insanity is a condition in which a person is not aware of his actions or he does not nor cannot control it. Slovenian Criminal Code-1 determines that criminally insane offenders are not criminally responsible for their actions and, therefore, security measures are taken against them instead of penalty in order to achieve the purpose of sanctioning criminally insane offenders, which is to eliminate the state that has led to the execution of the criminal act, and prevent and eliminate the danger that criminally insane offenders represent to themselves and to the society. Slovenian criminal law provides the following security measures: compulsory psychiatric treatment and custody in a health institution, compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty, prohibition from professional practice, withdrawal of driving license and confiscation of items, which are all imposed on criminally insane and (significantly) less sane offenders within a criminal proceeding. The regulation in Croatia is different from Slovenian regulation. Security measures are enforced only against offenders with considerably reduced competency, while criminally insane offenders are exposed to involuntary detention in the context of civil proceedings under the Act on protection of persons with mental disorders. Canadian criminal law in comparison to the Slovenian provides only a conscious or intellectual component of the psychological condition of insanity because the criminal liability can be excluded only on the basis of disability of adjudication, but not on the basis of inability to regulate one\u27s own behavior. Criminally insane offenders, when their insanity is confirmed, are considered in the context of legislation in the field of mental health. A criminal court can also unconditionally or conditionally exempt a criminally insane offender or impose an involuntary placement in a psychiatric hospital. In addition to criminal court also a so called Supervisory Board in the province can take those measures, namely 45 days after the judgment given by the court