TESTAMENTARY INHERITANCE AND NOTARIAT TESTAMENT

Področje dednega prava je precej kompleksna kategorija prava, saj v svojem bistvu vključuje več elementov in ravni človekovega življenja in nenazadnje tudi smrti, s katero je dedovanje neposredno povezano. Dejstvo je, da brez nastopa smrti o institutu dedovanja ne moremo govoriti. Precejšnjega pomena pa je ureditev dednih zadev pred smrtjo in posledice, ki jih ta za dediče prinaša. Namreč, ob nastopu smrti in dedovanja, se za dediče začne stresno obdobje, katerega velikokrat še bolj zaostrijo premoženjske zadeve, ki pred smrtjo niso bile urejene. Prav zaradi tega je ključnega pomena, da se premoženjska razmerja, kadar je to mogoče, uredijo pred smrtjo. Če zapustnik nima posebnih želja in zahtevkov glede premoženja in kadar so odnosi z dediči urejeni do te mere, da po smrti ni pričakovati sporov, ni potrebe da zapustnik prehod zapuščine posebej ureja. Dediči bodo v tem primeru namreč dedovali po zakonu in načeloma ne bo okrog tega nobenega večjega problema. Kadar pa si zapustnik želi urediti premoženjska razmerja drugače kot določa zakon, so mu na voljo dednopravne pogodbe ali oporoka. Oporoka je, kljub temu da je precej star institut dednega prava, še zmeraj najbolj fleksibilna in subjektivna oblika razpolage s premoženjem. Dejstvo pa je, da laik ne bo zmeraj poznal obličnostnih zahtev, ki jim oporoka mora zadostiti, poleg tega lahko nastopijo tudi problemi s hrambo oporoke. Prav zaradi tega je izrednega pomena notarska oporoka, ki jo ureja Zakon o notariatu. Ker gre za osebo javnega zaupanja in ker mora delovati po zakonskih okvirih, bo notar pravi naslov za strokovno napravo ali prevzem oporoke v hrambo. Oporočitelj bo svojo lastnoročno oporoko notarju izročil in ta jo bo hranil v svojem arhivu. Lahko pa oporočitelj notarju svojo poslednjo voljo izjavi, ta jo zapiše v notarskem zapisu in shrani v arhiv oporok. V obeh primerih bo oporoka zadostila obličnostnim zahtevam zakona, sodelovanje notarja pa bo oporočitelju omogočilo, da razjasni morebitna vprašanja oziroma pridobi mnenje strokovnjaka ter si tako zagotovi, da bo njegova poslednja volja ustrezala njegovi pravi in resnični volji brez morebitnih razhajanj med voljo in izjavo.The field of law of inheritance is a rather complex category of law as in it’s essence it comprehends several elements and levels of human life and nonetheless of death, which is directly linked to inheritance. The fact is that without occurrence of death it is impossible to talk about the institute of inheritance. To settle inheritance matters before death and the consequences this has for the heir are of great importance. Namely, the occurrence of death and inheritance indicates the beginning of a stressful period for heirs that is often aggravated by pecuniary matters, that haven’t been settled before death. That is why it is essential that pecuniary matters are settled before death when this is possible. If the testator has no special wishes regarding his property and where relationships with heirs are regulated to an extent that no conflicts are expected after his death, there is no need for the testator to settle the estate. In this case heirs will inherit in accordance with law and in principle there shouldn’t be any problems. However, when a testator wishes to settle pecuniary matters differently than provided by the law, a contract of inheritance and a testament are available to him. Testament, although it is a quite old institute of law of inheritance, is still the most flexible and subjective form of holding assets. The fact is that a layman will not always be familiar with the formal requirements of a testament and in addition the problems regarding the deposit of testament can occur. That is why notarial testament that is provided by Notary Act is of utmost importance. Since this is a person of public trust who has to work within the legal framework, notary is the right address for a panel discussion or deposit of testament. The testator will hand over the testament to the notary and he will hold it in his archives. Alternatively, the testator can declare his final will to the notary who will inscribe it in notarial record and hold it in archive of testaments. In either case the testament will suit the formal requirements provided by the law and the participation of a notary will enable the testator to clarify eventual questions or to acquire opinion of a professional and thus ensure that his last will meet his true will without eventual differences between will and declaration