Nutrition of the elderly people and part of clinical dietitian in the institutional care

Starostniki so zelo raznolika skupina. V starostno obdobje se vstopi z različnimi prehranjevalnimi navadami, in slogom življenja ter iz različnih socialnih oz. družbenih slojev. V institucionalnem varstvu ima klinični dietetik pomembno vlogo pri sestavljanju ustrezne vsakodnevne prehrane starostnika. Sestava in količina hrane morata biti prilagojena starosti posameznika, telesni aktivnosti, spolu in bolezni. V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali prehranjevalne navade starostnikov in zadovoljivost s pestrostjo hrane. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anonimnih anketnih vprašalnikov, v enem javno socialnovarstvenem zavodu za starejše osebe in v enem zasebnem zavodu v mariborski regiji. Statistično analizo smo opravili s pomočjo programa SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Vrednost p < 0,05 je določala statistično pomembnost. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bilo skupaj 83 % ali 92,2 % stanovalcev zadovoljnih ali zelo zadovoljnih s pestrostjo prehrane. Večina anketirancev je bila mnenja, da je hrana, ki jo uživajo, varna za njihovo zdravje. Rezultati so se dodatno potrdili, saj je 81 % ali 90 % stanovalcev izrazilo, da v institucionalnem varstvu zaradi prehrane še niso imeli zdravstvenih težav. Predstavili smo tudi nadzor nad varnostjo živil ter vlogo kliničnega dietetika pri zagotavljanju ustrezne in kakovostne hrane v institucionalnem varstvu. Anketni vprašalnik sta izpolnila tudi klinična dietetika v omenjenih zavodih. Brisi in vzorci živil se vzamejo vsaj 3× letno, prav tako se opravljajo redni in nenapovedani inšpekcijski pregledi s strani Zavoda za zdravstveno varstvo regije.The elderly are a very diverse group. People enter the stage of the old age from different social classes with different eating habits and lifestyle. As a part of the institutional care, clinical dietitian plays an important role in assembling the appropriate daily nutrition for the elderly. The composition and the amount of food should be adapted to each person with regard to the age of each individual, physical activity, sex and disease. This thesis addresses the eating habits of the elderly and their contentment with the diversity of the food. The data were collected through anonymous survey questionnaires. The survey was conducted in a private and public social care institution for the elderly in Maribor region. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.). Statistical significance was determined by the value of p < 0,05. The results showed that a total of 83% and 92,2% of the residents were satisfied or very satisfied with the diversity of the food. Most of the respondents believed the food they eat is safe and does not jeopardize their health. The results were further confirmed as 81% or 90% of the residents of the institutionalized care declared, that no health problems have been yet caused by nourishment. Food safety control is also presented as well as the role of clinical dietitian. Clinical dietitian ensures quality and adequacy of the food in institutional care. The survey questionnaire was also filled out by clinical dietetians in the above mentioned institutions. Swabs and food samples are taken at least three times a year, also regular and unannounced inspection visits are carried out by the Institute of Public Health