Ocenjevanje verodostojnosti izjav s tehniko nadzorovanja resničnosti : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Star slovenski pregovor pravi, da ima laž kratke noge, pa vendar ni vedno tako. Ljudje imamo pogosto težave pri prepoznavanju laži in ugotavljanju prevar, zato smo velikokrat »popeljani na led«. Poznavanje resnice v vsakdanjem življenju in v poslovnem svetu je ključnega pomena za sklepanje pravih odločitev. Pomembnost ugotavljanja verodostojnosti pričanja priče ali izjave osumljenca v predkazenskem in sodnem procesu, je tako še večje. Strokovnjaki opozarjajo tako na verbalne kot neverbalne znake laganja. Ti pa vedno niso zanesljivi oziroma niso enoznačni in enotni za vse. Torej ni univerzalnega znaka oziroma recepta za odkrivanje laži. Zato strokovnjaki iščejo inovativnejše in učinkovitejše tehnike, ki bi omogočile ocenjevanje verodostojnosti izjav s čim večjo zanesljivostjo. Ena izmed novejših tehnik je tako imenovana tehnika nadzorovanja resničnosti (ang. Reality Monitoring). Bistvo te tehnike je, da se spomini na resnično doživete dogodke razlikujejo v sami kvaliteti od spominov izmišljenih dogodkov in vsebuje 8 kriterijev na podlagi katerih se presoja verodostojnost izjav. Raziskovalci se opirajo na dejstvo, da je resnica spomin na doživet dogodek, med tem ko je laž spomin izmišljenega dogodka. Pomanjkljivost tehnike nadzorovanja resničnosti pa je v tem, da ni primerna za uporabo pri vseh starostnih skupinah (ni primerna za uporabo pri otrocih mlajših od 10 let) in pri posameznikih, ki opisujejo dogodke, ki so se zgodili daleč v preteklosti (Vrij, 2008).Old Slovenian proverb says that lie has short legs, but this is not always true. People often have difficulty in recognizing lies and identifying fraud, so they are often deceived. The key for making right choices in everyday life and in business is knowing the truth. The importance of assessing the credibility of testimony of a witness or a suspect in preliminary criminal proceeding or in the judicial process is even bigger. Experts present both verbal and non-verbal signs of lying. But they do not always seem to be reliable or simple and uniform for all. There is no universal sign or a recipe for detecting lies. Therefore, experts are looking for innovative and effective techniques that would enable the assessment of the credibility of the statements with the higher reliability. One of the newer techniques is the so-called Reality Monitoring technique. Essence of this technique is that the memories of the experience events vary in quality from the memories of imagined events. The technique contains 8 criteria on which the assessment of the credibility of the statements is made. Scientists predict that truth is a memory on an experienced event, while it is memory of an imagined event, a lie. The disadvantage of Reality monitoring technique is that it is not suitable for usage in all age groups (it is not suitable for children younger than 10 years) and for individuals who describe the events that have occurred in the distant past (Vrij, 2008)