THE RIGHT TO STRIKE: SLOVENIAN AND POLISH LEGAL REGULATION

Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na tri dele, ki sicer predstavljajo celoto. Prvi del obravnava pravne vire z področja kolektivnega delovnega prava s posebnim oziroma na določbe, ki se nanašajo na industrijske akcije, še posebej na stavko kot eno izmed najprepoznavnejših pojavnih oblik le teh. Pravica do stavke je v obeh državah ustavna pravica. V Sloveniji je urejena v 77. čl. Ustave RS, na Poljskem pa imajo v skladu s 3. odst. 59. čl. Ustave RP sindikati pravico do organiziranja delavskih stavk ali drugih oblik protestnih ukrepov ob upoštevanju omejitev, ki jih določa zakon. Konkretizaciji ustavnih določb sta opredeljeni v Zakonu o stavki, ki se še vedno smiselno uporablja v Republiki Sloveniji na podlagi 4. čl. Ustavnega zakona za izvedbo temeljne ustavne listine o samostojnosti in neodvisnosti Republike Slovenije in na Poljskem v Zakonu iz 23. maja 1991 o reševanju kolektivnih delovnih sporov. Mednarodni akti, ki urejajo stavko so predvsem Konvencija MOD št. 87 o sindikalnih svoboščinah in varstvu sindikalnih pravic, Konvencija MOD št. 98 o uporabi načel o pravicah organiziranja in kolektivnega dogovarjanja in Spremenjena evropska socialna listina, ki pa je Poljska v nasprotju z Slovenijo še ni ratificirala. Drugi del obravnava kolektivne delovne spore in na kratko postopek njihovega reševanja. Na Poljskem Zakon iz 23. maja 1991 o reševanju kolektivnih delovnih sporov v 1. čl. slednjega definira kot:»spor med delavci in enim ali več delodajalci, ki se nanaša na delovne razmere, plače ali socialne dajatve, kot tudi sindikalne pravice in interese delavcev ali drugih skupin oseb, ki imajo pravico ustanoviti sindikat«. V primerjavi z Poljsko je bila opredelitev pojma KDS po veljavni slovenski pravni ureditvi doslej lahko le približna. KDS je pravni pojem, ki ga v slovenski pozitivnopravni ureditvi prvič omenja Zakon o delovnih in socialnih sodiščih. Popolna opredelitve KDS v našem pravnem sistemu ni mogoča. Za to obstajata predvsem dva razloga. Prvi je ta, da na področju industrijskih akcij imamo še vedno stari Zakon o stavki in da je Zakon o kolektivnih pogodbah bil sprejet šele leta 2006. Razen stavke naš pravni sistem ne ureja drugih oblik industrijskih akcij. Drugi razlog pa je skromna sodna praksa, ki se ni mogla razviti zaradi zastarele, pomanjkljive zakonodaje. Določen vpliv na raven delovnih sporov ima tudi skromno strokovno izročilo. Tretji del obravnavane teme se začenja z definicijo stavke v obeh pravnih sistemih in analizo pravice do stavke ter njenega razvoja. Nadalje je predstavljena zakonitost različnih pojavnih oblik industrijskih akcij, ki jim predvsem v Sloveniji manjka zakonske ureditve. Sledi analiza postopkov pri organiziranju in izvedbi stavke (formalni in materialni pogoji zakonitosti stavke, organiziranje in napoved stavke, klavzula o socialnem mire ipd.). Za tem so navedene pravne posledice stavke (odpoved pogodbe o zaposlitvi, nadomestilo plače in ostali prejemki). Pred zaključkom pa še sledi prikaz v glavnem neustrezne zakonodaje, ki določa omejitve pravice do stavke delavcev v državnih organih in v javnih službah ter odškodninska odgovornost za škodo zaradi stavke.The thesis is divided in to three parts and together they constitute the whole work. The first part deals with legal sources of collective labour law with specific references to the provisions which deal with industrial actions and in particular with strike as one of the most recognisable forms of such actions. The right to strike is in both countries a constitutional right. In Slovenia it is regulated in Article 77 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. In Poland according to Article 59.3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland trade unions shall have the right to organize worker\u27s strikes or other forms of protest subject to limitations specified by statute. Concretisation of constitutional provisions is given in the Strike Act which still applys mutatis mutandis in the Republic of Slovenia on the basis of Article 4 of the Constitutional Act Implementing the Basic Constitutional Charter on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Slovenia and in Poland in the Act of 23 May 1991 on Collective Labour Dispute Resolution. International sources governing the right to strike are foremost the ILO Convention no. 87 concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize, ILO Convention no. 98 on the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention and the Revised European Social Charter which Poland contrary to Slovenia hasn\u27t ratified yet. The second part deals with collective labour disputes and briefly with the process of solving such disputes. In Poland the Act of 23 May 1991 on Collective Labour Dispute Resolution defines such a dispute in Article 1 as: »a dispute between employees and an employer or employers which concerns conditions of work, wages or social benefits as well as union rights and freedoms of employees or other groups of persons who have the right to found trade unions«. Compared to Poland the definition of a collective labour dispute because of the current legal system in Slovenia, can so far, only be approximate. A collective labour dispute is a legal concept which was mentioned first in Slovenian legislation by the Labour and Social Courts Act. A complete definition of a collective labour dispute is not possible in our legal system. For this, there are mainly two reasons. The first is that in the field of industrial actions, we still have the old Strike Act and that the Collective Agreements Act was enacted only in 2006. Except strike our legal system does not regulate other forms of industrial actions. The second reason is a modest jurisprudence, which could not be developed due to the outdated and deficient legislation. Some influence on the level of labor disputes also has a modest professional tradition. The third part of the topic begins with the definition of strike in both legal systems and the analysis of the right to strike and its development. Furthermore, the legality of various forms of industrial actions is presented, which especially in Slovenia lacks in legal regulation. An analysis of procedures in the organisation and carrying out a strike follows (formal and material conditions of legality of a strike, organization and declaration of a strike, social peace obligation, etc.). After that, the legal consequences of a strike are mentioned (termination of a contract of employment, remuneration and other incomes). What follows is the survey of mainly inappropriate legislation, which determines limitations to the right to strike of workers in state authorities and public services. And finally a brief analysis of the liability for damages due to the strike is presented