INSURANCE CLAIMS TO FOREIGN BUYERS

Prodajalec pri svojem poslovanju s tujimi kupci naleti na mnogo ovir pri izterjevanju svojih terjatev, zato je zelo pomembno, da svoj poslovni odnos uredi s pogodbo, kjer izrecno dogovori zavarovanje za primer neplačil. Kupna pogodba je najpomembnejša mednarodna gospodarska transakcija. Pogodbeni stranki pa morata biti še posebej pozorni na izbiro pogodbenega prava, po katerem se presoja pogodba. Glede na vrsto in vsebino poslovnega odnosa ter cilj, ki ga prodajalec in kupec želita doseči, lahko po slovenskem pravu izbirata med osebnimi in stvarnopravnimi zavarovanji, ki so urejena v OZ, SPZ, ZZK-1. Na samo izbiro vrste zavarovanja pa vpliva predvsem višina terjatve, država iz katere prihaja prodajalec in kupec ter posledično kateremu pravnemu redu pripadata, stroški zavarovanja in nenazadnje možnost vnovčitve samega zavarovanja in poplačilo terjatve. Osebna zavarovanja so v primerjavi s stvarnopravnimi zavarovanji manj uspešna, saj so strogo vezana na osebo in njeno plačilno sposobnost. Med različnimi državami obstajajo razlike glede zavarovanja pravnih poslov. Evropska unija, katere članica je tudi Slovenija pa teži k harmonizaciji zavarovanja pravnih poslov še posebej glede pridržka lastninske pravice in leasinga. Nagibajo se k evropskemu zavarovanju pravic, ki bi dopolnilo in ne nadomestilo nacionalno pravo.Seller faces with many obstacles by doing business with the foreign buyers in case of collecting his debt. It is very important for parties to define their business relation with the contract in which payment insurance is specifically agreed. Sales agreement is the most important international transaction. Special attention has to be paid to the law contract shall apply to. According to Slovene law parties can use two kinds of insurance such as personal insurance or real securities which are defined in OZ, SPZ, ZZK-1. Which insurance to choose depends on the claim amount, on the country of origin of seller and buyer and to which legal system they belong to, on insurance costs, on the possibility of realizing the very insurance and payment of claims. Personal insurances are less successful comparing to real securities since they are strongly bound to the person and her payment capability. Insurance transactions differ from country to country. EU which member state is also Slovenia tends to harmonization especially in the field of retention of title and leasing. They tend to European insurance rights as a complement and not a substitute for national law