THE IMPACT OF CORRUPTION TO THE RULE OF LAW IN THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA

Namen doktorskega dela je bil raziskati elemente a) korupcije, b) pravne države, z namenom c) ugotavljanja vpliva korupcijskih ravnanj na (pravno) državo v Sloveniji, njeno okolje in državljan(k)e. Po pregledu literature smo s poglobljenimi strukturiranimi intervjuji s strokovno javnostjo, raziskovalno metodo analize besedil ter s pomočjo programske opreme ATLAS.ti6 opravili kvalitativno in kvantitativno analizo stališč strokovne javnosti ter načelnih mnenj, zaključnih ugotovitev, mnenj in pojasnil Komisije za preprečevanje korupcije o koruptivnih ravnanjih, s čimer smo ugotovili vpliv ter značilnosti korupcije na (pravno) državo. Raziskava je bila omejena na stališča slovenske strokovne javnosti (45 oseb) in korupcijska ravnanja storjena v Sloveniji (167 primerov), rezultati pa so uporabni predvsem za Slovenijo. Rezultati analize kažejo, da ima korupcija negativni vpliv na pravno državo, saj se preko kršitev dolžnega ravnanja uradnih oseb zmanjšuje zaupanje ljudi v institucije, povzroča negativne ekonomske učinke in uničuje življenjsko okolje. Iz študije primerov korupcije prav tako izhaja, da je bilo s korupcijo največkrat kršeno načelo vezanosti izvršilne oblasti na ustavo in zakon ter načelo pravne varnosti oziroma enakopravnosti, pri čemer se takšna ravnanja najbolj kažejo pri upravnih postopkih, pri postopkih javnih naročil, pri razpolaganju s premoženjem, v obliki nasprotja interesov in pri delovanju funkcionarjev. Slovenija bi morala pri preprečevanju korupcije predvsem vzpostaviti mehanizme za avtomatično zaznavo ravnanj, povečati pogostost izobraževanj in osveščanj, urediti nadzor in implementacijo predpisov ter urediti področje javnih zavodov. Z rezultati omenjene analize korupcijskih ravnanj in strokovnih stališč smo tako pridobili edinstven vpogled v a) naravo in značilnosti korupcijskih ravnanj in pravne države ter b) v naravo in značilnosti vpliva korupcije na državo, njeno pravno nrav, okolje in njene državljane. Na podlagi tako identificiranih dejanskih značilnosti in medsebojnih vplivov c) smo tako lahko predlagali izboljšave preventivne politike, pri čemer smo omogočili identifikacijo poglavitnih vzrokov za nastanek korupcije, ki bodo služili kot kazalci za razvoj preventivnih ukrepov ter učinkovitejšega boja proti korupciji. Z raziskavo bi radi še vzpodbudili strokovno javnost h kvantitativnim analizam tovrstnih pojavov.The purpose of this research was to identify and analyse basic elements significances of a) corruption, b) Rule of Law with aim to c) find out how corruption affect the Rule of Law, the state itself, its environment and citizens. After reviewing literature we combined various methods by a) using in-depth interviews of professionals and public, b) the analysis (text analyse) of 167 corruption cases, which were identified by Commission for the Prevention of Corruption and c) results of public opinion surveys. Analysis was made by using software Atlas.ti6. The study is limited to the opinion of Slovenian professional public (45 persons) and corrupt practices committed in Slovenia (167 cases). The results are especially useful for Slovenia. The results indicate that corruption has a negative impact on the Rule of Law through the violation of due conduct of public officials. In this way it reduces people\u27s trust in institutions, causing negative economic effects and destroys environmental habitat, where the most endangered proved to be the principle of legality, the principle of legal certainty and equality. This is shown mostly in administrative proceedings, public procurement procedures, managing the state assets, conflict of interest and in functionaries. To prevent corruption Slovenia should in particular establish appropriate tools for automatic detection of corruption, increase the frequency of trainings and public awareness, establish implementation of legislation and to put in order public institutes. The results of the study showed a unique insight into a) the nature and elements of corruption and the Rule of Law, and b) the nature and elements of the impact of corruption to the Slovenian Rule of Law, its legal natures, the environment and citizens. Based on the actual characteristics of the identified interactions c) we were able to suggest some improvements to prevention policy due to the identified root causes and reasons for the emergence of corruption, which may serve as indicators for the development of preventive measures against corruption. The survey would also like to encourage the public to professional quantitative analysis of mentioned subject