Pomen žvižgača pri odkrivanju kaznivih dejanj : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Živimo v hitro razvijajočem se svetu in svetu nenadnih sprememb. To se kaže tudi pri pojavljanju novih kaznivih dejanj, katerih odkrivanje in preiskovanje povzroča organom pregona nemalo težav. Tradicionalne metode boja proti kriminalu ne ustrezajo več sodobnim oblikam organiziranega kriminala, zato je potrebna uporaba drugačnih sredstev. V zadnjem času največjo gospodarsko škodo povzroča gospodarska kriminaliteta, kot so goljufije, pranje denarja, razne finančne nepravilnosti in korupcija. Prav korupcija je kaznivo dejanje, ki ga je izmed vseh skoraj najtežje preiskovati in dokazovati. Dejstvo je, da imajo pri taki obliki kriminala vsi udeleženci korist, hkrati pa se običajno za korupcijo skriva še vrsta drugih nelegalnih dejanj. Obveščevalna dejavnost je lahko v veliko pomoč pri odkrivanju kriminala z zbiranjem in obdelovanjem podatkov, ki jo izvajajo specializirane državne institucije, kot so obveščevalno varnostne in varnostne službe. Pri zbiranju takih podatkov sodelujejo prikriti preiskovalci. V vlogi informatorja, eni izmed oblik prikritih preiskovalcev, lahko nastopi vsak občan, ki policiji posreduje informacije o kaznivih dejanjih. Žvižgač, t.i. legitimni informator, je posameznik, zaposleni ali bivši zaposleni v določeni organizaciji, ki javnosti, policiji ali drugemu organu razkrije informacije in podatke o nepravilnostih v organizaciji, ki lahko škodujejo ožji skupini ljudi, širši javnosti ali okolju. Posledice, ki jih lahko prinese takšno posredovanje informacij, so lahko za žvižgača uničujoče. Doletijo ga lahko premestitev na nižje delovno mesto, ukinitev bonusov, mobing ali izguba delovnega mesta. Posledice se lahko kažejo tudi v zasebnem življenju, kot so občutek izolacije, nepripadnosti in težave v odnosu z družino in drugimi. Pomembna je pravna zaščita, s katero se lahko takšne posledice preprečijo. Ameriška in britanska zakonodaja imata urejeno zakonodajo za zaščito whistleblowerjev, v Sloveniji pa nanjo še čakamo.We live in a quickly developing world– a world of sudden changes. That can also be seen in appearance of new criminal offenses, discovering and researching of which cause the law enforcement authorities quite some problems. The traditional methods of crime fighting are no longer suitable for modern forms of organised crime therefore, new means are needed. Lately, the biggest economy crisis is being caused by corporate crime such as frauds, money laundering, various financial irregularities and corruption. Precisely corruption is a criminal offense that is out of all the most difficult to investigate and prove. The fact is that with this form of crime all of the participants have benefits and at the same time there is usually a multitude of other illegal acts hidden behind it. Intelligence operations can be of great help with discovering crime by collecting and processing information carried out by specialised state institutions such as intelligence-security and security. Undercover investigators participate in collecting such information. Every citizen that provides the police with information on criminal offense can perform as an informant – one of the forms of undercover investigators. The whistleblower i.e. a legitimate informant is an individual – an employee or a former employee in a certain organisation that reveals information and data on irregularities in the organisation that can harm a smaller group of people, the general public or the environment, to the public, the police or other agency. The consequences such information provision can bring can be devastating for the whistleblower. He or she can face a transfer to a lower position, bonuses abolition, mobbing or job loss. The consequences such as feelings of isolation, affinities and problems in the relationship with the family and others can also be seen in his or her private life. Legal protection, with which such consequences can be prevented, is significant. The American and the British legislations have regulated legislations on whistleblower protection, while in Slovenia we are still waiting for one