LEGAL BASIS OF FINANCING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS - THE CASE OF GENERAL HOSPITAL PTUJ

V Sloveniji so javni zavodi ustanove, s pomočjo katerih država skrbi za izvajanje in izpolnjevanje v ustavi zapisanih pravic ljudi. So del javnega sektorja in so nepridobitne organizacije. Da so nepridobitne organizacije pomeni, da pri svojem delovanju ne zasledujejo dobička in se ta od njih niti ne pričakuje, ampak nudijo storitve, katere so v dobro ljudi in pripomorejo k boljšemu življenju. Pojavljajo se na različnih področjih in so podvrženi sprejetim zakonom ter ostalim predpisom ministrstva, pristojnega za določeno področje. Javni zavodi po posameznih področjih se razlikujejo predvsem po načinu financiranja, saj Zakon o zavodih, kateri načeloma velja za vse javne zavode, na splošno opredeljuje njihovo strukturo, upravljanje in samo delovanje. Posebnost financiranja v zdravstvu oziroma zdravstveni dejavnosti je ta, da se ne financira neposredno iz proračuna, ampak sredstva zagotavlja Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije (ZZZS) z zbiranjem prispevkov. Koliko in do katere mere bo ZZZS plačeval storitve javnim zavodom ter na kakšen način, je odvisno od vsakoletnih pogajanj med njim in pooblaščenimi združenji raznih zdravstvenih institucij. V delu diplomskega seminarja sem tako najprej predstavil seveda javne zavode kot del javnega sektorja, v nadaljevanju slovensko zdravstvo in na koncu na primeru predstavil način financiranja splošne bolnišnice kot enega izmed javnih zavodov v zdravstvu pri nas. Tu sem predstavil oblike financiranja iz javnih sredstev, kot sta Skupine primerljivih primerov (SPP) in Bolnišnični oskrbni dan (BOD) ter oblike pridobivanja finančnih sredstev bolnišnice na trgu, kot so samoplačniške storitve, dejavnost menz in podobno. Na koncu sem prišel do zaključka, da je zdravstvo v Republiki Sloveniji potrebno temeljite prenove, katera bi vsebovala tako strukturne reforme kot reforme načina financiranja zdravstva.In Slovenia the public institutions are institutions, throuhg which the state fulfill in constituion written rights of the people. They are part of public sector and are non- profit organizations. This means, that their goal is not to make profit, but to offer services to a people that makes their life better. They occur in different areas and are under relevant legislations and other regulations of the ministry, responsible for specific area. Public institutions in individual areas differ mainly in the way how is their activity financed, because Law of institutes regulates structure, management and their activity in general. In health sector the speciality of financing institutions is that they are not financed directly from state budget, instead they are financed by the Health insurance Intitute of Slovenia (HII) which is collecting contributions. How and to what extent HII will pay health institutions for their services depends on the annual negotiations between him and authorized associations of various institutions. In this work first I presented public instituions as a part of public sector, then I presented Slovenian health system and on the end I presented the way of how general hospitals, as one of the public institutions in health system, can ensoure their means for work. Here I presented forms of public founding, such as diagnosis related group (DRG) and hospital care day (BOD) systems, and forms of founding hospitals in the market, such as self- paid services, canteens and other. In the end I came to the conclusion that public sector in Slovenia needs serious renovation, which would include both structural reforms and reforms of founding health care