WOMEN IN MANAGEMENT AND OBSTACLES TO PROMOTION

Naslov magistrske naloge: Ženske v menedžmentu in ovire pri napredovanju. Pričujoče magistrsko delo se ukvarja z ugotavljanjem položaja žensk v menedžmentu, z proučevanjem razlik med moškim in ženskim stilom vodenja ter z ovirami s katerimi se srečujejo menedžerke in zanje potrebnimi rešitvami oz. ukrepi za večjo enakopravnost žensk na trgu dela. Položaj žensk v menedžmentu in njihove sposobnosti so bile dolgo časa podcenjene, njihovi prispevki na delovnem mestu pa neopaženi in nenagrajeni. Sicer smo še daleč od tega, da bi bila ženska dejansko enakopravna z moškim na področju zaposlovanja, napredovanja, ali plačila za isto opravljeno delo, vendar se spremembe v pozitivno smer počasi odvijajo. Po stilu vodenja zanje velja demokratičen stil in sicer se nagibajo k ljudem, ter ne strmijo samo k trdno začrtanim ciljem in rezultatom. Vzroke za to, da se morajo ženske za enako kariero ob enakih objektivnih pogojih bolj potruditi, je raznolikost in večje število ovir, ki jih morajo premagati pri uresničevanju svoje kariere. Premalo pozornosti menedžerke posvečajo delu z dobrim mentorjem in navezovanju zavezništev, ki jim lahko strokovno in pri realizaciji ciljev precej pomagajo. Poleg tega menedžerke pogosto čakajo na neko vzpodbudo ali podporo od zunaj, namesto da bi sledile trdno začrtani strategiji uresničevanja svoje kariere. Z izboljšanjem položaja žensk v Sloveniji se ukvarjajo vladne in nevladne organizacije, izobraževalne in raziskovalne institucije. Magistrsko delo je razdeljeno na dva dela in sicer teoretični in empirični del. Teoretični del zajema pet poglavij. V prvem poglavju je predstavljen uvod. Drugo poglavje opredeljuje ženske v menedžmentu in sicer življenjski ciklus ženske, njihov položaj v menedžmentu, lastnosti in prednosti, ter razloge za malo število žensk v menedžmentu. Predstavila bom kako se mendežerke soočajo z stresom na delovnem mestu. Tretje poglavje govori o moškim in ženskim vodenjem, podrobneje o značilnostih moškega in ženskega vodenja, ter o razlikah med androginim in transformacijskim stilom vodenja. Pojasnila bom vpliv socializacije na stil vodenja, predstavila nov model vodenja, ter izpostavila spol kot konkurenčno prednost. Pojasnila bom tudi stereotipe o ženskih in moških vlogah v menedžmentu. V nadaljevanju in sicer četrto poglavje obravnava ovire pri napredovanju žensk ter spolne razlike pri načrtovanju kariere. Predstavljene so tudi druge ovire na katere naletijo ženske v menedžmentu in sicer razlike v plačah glede na spol, diskriminacija na delovnem mestu, počasnejši razvoj kariere. Peto poglavje zajema rešitve za menedžerke, za odpravo ovir in za hitrejši razvoj kariere. Predstavljene so tudi organizacije in združenja, ki so namenjena menedžerkam v Sloveniji, ter ukrepi znotraj organizacije in ukrepi s strani žensk za večjo enekopravnost med spoloma. Empirični del magistrskega dela pa zajema raziskovanje menedžerk v Sloveniji. Proučila bom dejanske ovire katere menedžerkam preprečujejo da bi se prebile na vodilne položaje ter podala rešitve za izboljšanje položaja.Title of the master’s thesis: Women in management and obstacles to promotion The master’s thesis discusses the position of women in management, the study of differences between men and women’s management style, the obstacles that women managers face and their solutions or measures to increase women\u27s equality in the labour market. The position of women in management and their ability were underestimated for a long time and their contributions to the workplace were unnoticed and unrewarded. Although we are still far from women actually being equal to men in the field of employment, promotion, or equal payment for the same work, changes in a positive direction are slowly taking place. Women’s management style is democratic and they are leaning towards people and aim to the set objectives and results. Diversity and larger number of obstacles that women have to overcome are the reasons that women have to put more effort for an equal career under the same objective conditions. Women managers pay too little attention on working with a good mentor and to make alliances that can help them professionally and with the realization of their objectives. In addition, women managers often have to wait for some encouragement or support from the outside, instead of following their firmly set strategy for realization of their career. In Slovenia, different government and non-government organizations, research and educational institutions are dealing with the improvement of women’s situation. Master\u27s thesis is divided into two parts, namely the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part includes five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction. The second section defines women in management- the life cycle of women, their position in management, characteristics and advantages, and reasons for the small number of women in management. I will present how women managers face stress in the workplace. The third chapter is about men and women’s management. The characteristics of men and women’s management are presented in detail. The differences between androgynous and transformational management style are also presented. I will explain the impact of socialization on management style, present a new management model, and highlight gender as a competitive advantage. I will explain stereotypes for women and men’s role in management. In the fourth chapter obstacles for the promotion of women and gender differences in career planning are presented. Other obstacles encountered by women in management- differences in salary by gender, discrimination at the workplace, slower career development are also presented. The fifth chapter covers solutions for women managers for the removal of obstacles and for the faster development of their careers. It also presents organizations and associations, which are intended for women managers in Slovenia, and measurements within the organization and measurements of women for more equality between genders. The empirical part of the master\u27s thesis covers the research of women managers in Slovenia. I studied actual obstacles that prevent women managers to come to leading positions and I introduced solutions for the improvement of the situation