ERGONOMICS SUITABILITY OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL FURNITURE

V diplomski nalogi raziskujemo kakovost delovnega okolja šolarjev, ustrezno velikost miz in stolov zavoda Osnovna šola Cerkno, prve triade (od 1. – 3. razreda) in del druge triade (od 4. – 5. razreda). Pouk poteka večinoma v matičnih učilnicah, kjer učenci preživijo vsaj štiri ure dnevno. Učenci 4. in 5. razreda občasno uporabljajo specialne učilnice za predmete s področja umetnosti. V diplomski nalogi proučujemo ustreznost opreme šolskih učilnic s stoli in mizami (šolske garniture) glede na telesno višino učencev, ISO standard 5970 ter Navodila za graditev osnovnih šol Ministrstva za izobraževanje, znanost, kulturo in šport (2007). Spremembe na področju izobraževanja (devetletka) je pogojevala nova šolska zakonodaja, novi učni načrti, predmetnik ter spremenjeni načini poučevanja in učenja. Še prav posebno pozornost so šole posvečale zgodnejšemu vstopu otrok v šolo, novi organiziranosti devetletne osnovne šole (triletja) ter izvajanju pouka na več zahtevnostnih ravneh. Didaktična priporočila posameznih učnih načrtov po predmetih v prvem vzgojno - izobraževalnem obdobju so narekovala premišljeno opremo učilnic, ki omogoča učitelju, da poučuje s konkretnimi materiali ter uporablja različne oblike in metode dela. Kakovostno opremljena učilnica omogoča, da se pohištvo premika, sestavlja in sproti prilagaja učni situaciji. Učilnice so se v prvih letih uvajanja devetletke opremljale postopoma. Načrtovanje in opremljanje šolskih objektov je interdisciplinarni proces, ki poleg strokovnjakov različnih strok vključuje tudi uporabnike šolskega prostora in nosilce šolske politike. V praksi se pokaže, da sodelovanje ni dovolj usklajeno. Pri opremljanju učilnic od 1. do 5. razreda priporočamo upoštevanje dosedanje opremljanje učilnic s šolskim programom, ki se je izkazal kot primeren in vsestransko uporaben. Omogoča, da se v učilnici upoštevajo različne velikosti učencev in dopušča fleksibilnost pri opremljanju učilnic z različnimi velikostmi šolskih miz in stolov, kar se pokaže kot ergonomska nujnost in nenazadnje rentabilna naložba. Učence je potrebno ozaveščati o pravilni drži pri sedenju za mizo. Premestitve miz in stolov iz učilnice v učilnico, prilagajanje opreme višini generacije, tudi otrokom, ki izstopajo po velikosti, niso povezane z velikimi finančnimi stroški, imajo pa posreden vpliv na zdrav razvoj otrok.This thesis concentrates on the analysis of the quality of the working environment (adequacy size of desks and chairs) of pupils in grades 1 to 5 (the first and a part of the second triads) in Cerkno Primary School. The lessons are predominantly carried out in the same classrooms, thus pupils spend at least four hours daily there. Pupils of grades 4 and 5 attend some of the lessons (Art, Music, etc.) in other classrooms, too. The thesis analyses the adequacy of the classroom equipment, mainly desks and chairs used, according to the pupils’ height, the ISO 5970 standard regulations and the Instructions for the construction of primary schools in Slovenia by the Ministry of education, science, culture and sport (2007). Changes in the field of education (the nine-year primary) were conditioned by the new legislation in the education system, new syllabi, the curricula and the altered ways and methods of teaching and learning. Schools and their staff have been paying special attention to younger children starting school, the new organisation of the primary school system (three triads) and carrying out lessons in several difficulty levels. Didactic guidelines of individual syllabi for various subjects in the first triad have dictated a deliberate approach to equipping classrooms, which can support the teacher to use specific materials, various ways and methods of his/her work in teaching pupils. A well equipped and sensibly arranged classroom allows furniture being moved, reassembled at any time and thus adjusted to the situation and needs in class work. The classrooms have been equipped gradually during the first few years of implementing the nine-year primary school program. Planning and equipping the school buildings is an interdisciplinary process which involves experts of different fields as well as the users of the school premises themselves and carriers of education policy. It is seen in real life situation that the cooperation among all of these people is not as harmonised as it should be. In equipping classrooms for pupils in grades 1 to 5 it is suggested that the previously used furniture program which turned out to be appropriate and versatilely usable, be used in the future, too. This furniture gives chance to adjust separate elements to the pupils height and allows flexibility in equipping classrooms with desks and chairs of different sizes. The latter in time turns out to be a profitable decision. Pupils need to be reminded and made aware of the proper posture when sitting at a desk or table. Moving desks and chairs among classrooms and selecting the proper size for the pupils, even to those who stand out according to their size, does not imply high financial burden for the school, but have indirect influence on the healthy growth and development of our children