The influence of body changes on the psychic state of patients treated with cytostatics

Izhodišča Velika pomanjkljivost citostatikov je, da ne kvarijo samo rakastih celic, temveč uničujejo, oz. poškodujejo tudi celice zdravih tkiv, zlasti tistih, katerih celice se hitro razmnožujejo. To vpliva na nastanek neželenih učinkov citostatskega zdravljenja. Nekateri neželeni učinki citostatskega zdravljenja, tisti, ki so vidni tudi drugim, kot je npr. izpadanje las, lahko vplivajo na bolnikovo psihično stanje. Namen V diplomskem delu želim predstaviti zdravljenje s citostatiki in z raziskavo ugotoviti, po koliko ciklusih citostatskega zdravljenja so se pojavili neželeni stranski učinkikateri od stranskih učinkov je povzročal bolnikom največ psihičnih težav in kako so jih premagovali. Raziskovalna metodologija V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Pri raziskavi smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik. Anketo smo izvedli v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru v Mariboru, in sicer na Oddelku za ginekološko onkologijo in onkologijo dojk in na Oddelku za hematologijo in hematološko onkologijo, od januarja do aprila 2012. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 80 naključno izbranih bolnikov, zdravljenih s citostatiki. Rezultati Raziskava je pokazala, da so se neželeni učinki citostatikov pokazali že po prvem ciklusu. Največ psihičnih težav je bolnikom povzročalo izpadanje las in največ bolnikov je psihične težave reševalo s pogovorom s svojci in prijatelji. Sklep Zdravljenje s kemoterapijo je zelo invazivno in agresivno, zato se bolniki med zdravljenem srečujejo z neželenimi učinki. Ti vplivajo na njihovo psihično stanje. Pomembno je, da medicinska sestra bolnika pravočasno in pravilno pouči o lajšanju ali celo preprečitvi neželenih učinkov, pacientu pa mora nuditi tudi psihično oporo.Premises: A great disadvantage of cytostatics is that they do not merely impair cancer cells, but also destroy or damage the cells of healthy tissueespecially tissue whose cells reproduce quickly. This creates unwanted effects of cytostatic treatment. Some of the unwanted effects of cytostatic treatment, particularly those that are also visible to others, such as e.g. hair loss, can affect the patient\u27s mental state. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present cytostatic treatment, determine through research how many cycles of cytostatic treatment it took for the unwanted side effects to appear, which of the side effects caused the most mental problems to the patients and how the latter overcame these mental problems. Research methodology: The diploma thesis applied the descriptive work method. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. A survey was carried out at Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor [University Medical Centre Maribor], namely at the Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Breast Oncology and at the Department of Haematology and Haematological Oncology from January to April 2012. The research included 80 randomly selected patients, treated with cytostatics. Results: Based on the research it has been determined that the unwanted effects of cytostatics already appeared after the first cyclethat hair loss caused the most mental problems for the patients and that the majority of the patients solved their mental problems by talking with relatives and friends. Conclusion: Chemotherapy treatment is highly invasive and aggressive, which is why during treatment patients experience unwanted effects, which in turn affect their mental state. It is important that nurses timely and properly educate patients on alleviating or even preventing the unwanted effects and offer patients mental support