THE LOST TRACE OF THE FLED NAZIS AFTER WORLD WAR TWO

Ob koncu druge svetovne vojne je brez sledi izginilo nemalo nacističnih vojnih zločincev ter kolaborantov nacističnega režima. Pobegnili so zato, da se ne bi znašli na zatožni klopi Mednarodnega vojaškega sodišča v Nürnbergu. Bremenile so jih razne kategorije vojnih zločinov, aktivna vloga pri izvajanju genocida, umori itd. Glavno teoretično izhodišče diplomskega dela torej obravnava pobeg oziroma spremembo identitete najvidnejših nacističnih emigrantov, predvsem pa vojnih zločincev Tretjega rajha. Nekateri člani stranke NSDAP, ki po pravilu niso zasedali vidnejše funkcije v hierarhiji nacistične Nemčije, po drugi svetovni vojni pa postali znani kot eni izmed največjih zločincev 20. stoletja (Adolf Eichmann, Klaus Barbie, Josef Mengele), so ob koncu vojne izginili brez vsake sledi. Njihov pobeg je potekal preko ustaljenih prebežniških kanalov, v katere so bili vključeni cerkveni dostojanstveniki Rimskokatoliške Cerkve, švicarski uradniki in politiki, argentinski diplomatski uslužbenci po raznih konzulatih v Evropi in argentinski diktator Juan Peron. Adolf Eichmann se je ob koncu vojne znašel v ameriškem ujetništvu, toda, ker je uporabil lažno ime, zavezniki niso vedeli, kdo se skriva med vojnimi ujetniki. Kmalu je pobegnil iz zapora in se nekaj let skrival po Nemčiji, nato pa preko Italije pobegnil v Argentino. Za razliko od Eichmanna, ki ga je leta 1960 ugrabil izraelski Inštitut za obveščevalne in specialne naloge – Mossad in ga na skrivaj prepeljal v Izrael, se je Josefu Mengeleju za vedno uspelo izmakniti roki pravice. Organiziranje nacističnega bega je potekalo v strogi tajnosti, s pomočjo bivših pripadnikov SS-a in preko dobro organizirane mreže. Najbolj priljubljeno pribežališče tovrstnih političnih beguncev je bila v večini primerov Argentina.At the end of World War II many Nazi war criminals and collaborators of the Nazi regime disappeared without a trace. They escaped not to be at the dock in the international court-martial in Nürnberg. Different kinds of categories of war crime, an active role at the genocide, murder and so on incriminated them. The main theoretic starting point of my diploma paper is the trial of escape or so to say the modification of identity of the most prominent Nazi emigrants, most of all the war criminal of the German Reich. Some members of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party who did not have important functions in the hierarchy of Nazi Germany, after World War II became known as one of the worst criminals of the 20th century (Adolf Eichmann, Klaus Barbie, Josef Mengele) and disappeared without a trace at the end of the war. Their escape took place through steady deserter canals, where there were involved church dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church, Swiss officials and politicians, Argentinian diplomat officials in different consulates in Europe and the Argentinian dictator Juan Peron. Adolf Eichmann was at the end of the war in American captivity, but as he used a spurious name the allies did not know who hid among the prisoners of war. Soon he escaped from prison and hid some years in Germany and then escaped through Italy to Argentina. As a difference to Eichmann who was kidnapped in 1960 by the Israeli Institute for Intelligence And Special Operations – Mossad that took him to Israel furtively, Josef Mengele managed it to escape for ever without being sentenced. The organization of a Nazi escape was top secret, former SS members helped them and there was also a well organized net. The most popular refuge for that kind of refugees was mostly Argentina