Psihopatologija in odklonskost pri motnjah navezanosti : magistrsko delo

Navezanost pomeni način vedenja in čutenja, ki otroku omogoča stik s starši ter mu zagotavlja, da bodo starši vedno poskrbeli zanj. Na ravni posameznika govorimo o tipu ali stilu navezanosti, ki določa v katere smeri se bo razvijala njegova osebnost. Ta razvoj ni samo psihološki: celo povsem organske sposobnosti regulacije čustev v možganih so neposredno odvisne od psihobiološke uglašenosti med otrokom in starši. Če uglašenosti ni, se te strukture pri otroku ne bodo razvile. Organizacija možganov pri varno in nevarno navezanih posameznikih se razlikuje, kar pojasni tudi večjo dovzetnost ne-varno navezanih posameznikov za psihopatologijo in s stresom povezane duševne motnje. Iz čustvenega vzorca odnosov v družini lahko prepoznamo, kakšna je afektivna dinamika sistema in kateri afekti so regulirani s pomočjo patoloških oblik vedenja in odnosov. S sledenjem afekta preko prenosa patoloških vzorcev odnosov, skozi oblike navezanosti, popačene spomine in specifično emocionalno dinamiko odnosov, lahko ugotovimo, kateri temeljni afekt v sistemu še nima normalnega dostopa do zavesti in ne more vstopiti v obvladljivo emocionalno dinamiko sistema odnosov. Raziskave so pokazale, da se stili navezanosti medgeneracijsko prenašajo in so relativno trajni. Najpomembnejše odkritje teorije navezanosti in nevropsihologije je, da so ti procesi vedno nezavedni in da predstavljajo v telo vpisan in vgrajen temelj kasnejšega vedenja, doživljanja, čutenja in delovanja. Preoblikovanje navezanosti v varno, in prepoznavanje temeljnega afekta, prekine sicer avtomatični medgeneracijski prenos ne-varne navezanosti, zlorab in travm, pomeni pa globinsko preoblikovanje relacijske dinamike.Attachment denotes a way of behaviour and feeling, which enables a child a contact with parents and guarantees that parents would always take care of him or her. At the level of individuals, we talk about types or styles of attachment, which determines the directions of development of one\u27s personality. This development is not only psychological: even entirely organic capacities to regulate emotions in the brain are directly dependent on the psychobiological accord between a child and his or her parents. If there is no harmony, these structures will not develop in a child. The organisation of the brain in safely and unsafely attached individuals differs, which explains also a greater susceptibility of unsafely attached individuals to psychopathology and stress-related mental disorders. The emotional pattern of relationships in a family helps us identity the affective dynamics of the system and the affects regulated with the help of pathological forms of behaviour and relationships. By following the affect through the transmission of pathological relationship patterns, through attachment forms, distorted memories and specific emotional dynamics of relationships we may establish which fundamental affect in the system does not yet have a normal access to conscience and cannot enter the controllable emotional dynamics of the relationship system. Research has shown that attachment styles are transmitted from generation to generation and are relatively permanent. The most important discovery of the attachment theory and neuropsychology is that these processes are always unconscious and that they constitute the foundation of later behaviour, experience, feeling and functioning inscribed and built in the body. The transformation of attachment into the safe type and the recognition of the fundamental affect is interrupted by the generally automatic intergenerational transfer of unsafe attachment, abuse and traumasit constitutes an in-depth transformation of relation dynamics