COOPERATION AND COMPETITION IN SCHOOL

Diplomsko delo obravnava tekmovanje in sodelovanje, ki sta se v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih kot koncepta delovanja uveljavila v celotnem vzgojno-izobraževalnem sistemu ter postala sestavni del šole in njen edini možni način delovanja. Namen raziskovanja je bil ugotoviti, kako, kdaj in zakaj sta se koncepta tekmovanja in sodelovanja v novejšem času pričela poudarjati, v kakšnih oblikah se pojavljata na različnih ravneh delovanja šole ter kakšen vpliv imata na učence. Teoretično raziskovanje virov je pokazalo, da se je koncept tekmovanja pričel poudarjati z industrijsko revolucijo in razvojem tržnih družbenih zakonitosti, predvsem pa s prebojem neoliberalne doktrine in vrednot konkurenčnega trga. Koncept sodelovanja se je pričel poudarjati po drugi svetovni vojni s poudarjanjem človekovih pravic prek mednarodnih organizacij, z združevanjem Evrope v Evropsko unijo ter pod vplivom novih ugotovitev s področja vzgoje in izobraževanja, predvsem teorij o motivaciji človeka za učenje. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se tekmovanje in sodelovanje pojavljata na več ravneh šolskega delovanja: na ravni delovanja šole, na ravni mišljenja in ravnanja udeležencev v vzgojno-izobraževalnem sistemu ter na ravni vzgojno-izobraževalnega procesa. Oba koncepta delovanja različno vplivata na učence, v splošnem pa vplivata na področje učenčevega osebnostnega, kognitivnega in metakognitivnega razvoja, na razvoj njegovih medosebnih in drugih spretnosti ter sposobnosti, na komunikacijo ter razvoj vrednot, čustev in vedenja, na motivacijo ter na učne rezultate.The following thesis discusses competition and cooperation, which have been established in the recent decades as concepts of functioning throughout the education system, as well as become an integrated part and only way of school functioning. The aim of the thesis was to establish, how, when, and why the concepts of competition and cooperation gained such importance, in what forms they are present on different levels of school functioning, and what their influence on students is. Theoretical research based on the review of sources has shown that the concept of competition start gaining importance with the industrial revolution, the establishment of market laws in societies, and particularly with the enforcement of neoliberalism and the competitive-market values. The concept of cooperation start gaining importance with international organizations after World War II, by emphasizing human rights, with formation of the European Union, and under the influence of new findings from the field of education, especially with regard to theories of learning motivation. The research results reveal that competition and cooperation appear on several levels of education: on the level of school functioning, on the level of students\u27 and educators\u27 reasoning and behaving, and on the level of the education process. Both concepts have various influences on students. In general, they influence students\u27 personal, cognitive and metacognitive development, the development of interpersonal and other skills and abilities, communication, values, emotions and behaviour, as well as motivation and learning achievements