COMPARISON OF ONLINE PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR CONSUMERS

Za ekonomski tržni sistem je pomembno, da ima vzpostavljen varen in zanesljiv plačilni sistem. Plačilni sistem se oblikuje glede na potrebe trga in more rast trga dohajati, zato je pomembno, da je pri tem zmožen nuditi stabilnost in varnost. Udeleženci plačilnih sistemov so centralna banka, poslovne banke in druge kreditne institucije. Primarna funkcija centralne banke je izdaja gotovine, poslovna banke pa sprejemajo depozite in dajejo posojila. Plačilni sistem je skupek postopkov, pravil, instrumentov in standardov, ki se uporabljajo za poravnavo obligacijskih postopkov. V Evropi je sistem TARGET2 nadomestil plačilni sistem TARGET. To je bruto sistem poravnave v realnem času, preko katerega banke obdelujejo plačilne naloge. Slovenija je vključena v ta sistem od leta 2007. Evropske države še so vključene v plačilne sisteme EURO1, STEP2 in SEPA. Pomemben del plačilnega sistema so plačilni instrumenti. Delimo jih na gotovinska in negotovinska plačila. Po pravni obliki pa jih delimo na kreditna in debetna plačila. Največ maloprodajnih poslov se plača z gotovino, negotovinska plačila pa predstavljajo največji del celotne vrednosti plačil v današnji ekonomiji. Za plačevanje spletnih storitev se uporabljajo spletni plačilni instrumente. Delimo jih na sisteme lastniških računov in sisteme na osnovi bančnih računov. Spletni plačilni instrumenti na osnovi lastniških računov omogočajo interne transakcije brez posredovanja banke, pri sistemih bančnih računov pa transakcije potekajo preko računov, ki so v lasti bank. Vsi plačilni instrumenti uporabljajo varnostne elemente, ki zagotavljajo varnost in zasebnost pretoka podatkov. Spletni plačilni instrumenti, ki so trenutno na voljo, so plačilne storitve elektronskega bančništva, plačilne kartice, e-denarnice in Moneta. Plačilne instrumente smo med seboj primerjali s pomočjo primerjalne tabele, kjer smo uporabili različne kriterije in tako ugotovili prednosti in slabosti določenih spletnih plačilnih instrumentov.A safe and reliable payment system is an important part of the economic market system. Payment system is designed by market needs and it must keep up with growth of the market. It is therefore important that it can provide stability and security. Participants of payment systems are the central bank, business banks, and other credit institutions. The primary function of the central bank is system monitoring and management, whereas the function of business banks is the execution of the payment system, accepting deposits and giving out loans. Payment system is a set of procedures, rules, instruments and standards that are used to settle obligatory procedures. In Europe, TARGET2 has replaced the TARGET system. It is a real-time gross settlement system that banks use for payment processing. Slovenia has been included in the system since 2007. European countries also use EURO1, STEP2, and SEPA payment systems. Important part of the payment systems are the payment instruments. They enable the execution of cash and non-cash payments. Legally they are divided by credit and debit payments. Online payment instruments are used for paying online goods and services. They are divided into proprietary account systems and bank account based systems. Proprietary account systems allow internal transactions without intervention of banks while bank account based systems provide transfers over accounts owned by banks. All payment instruments use security elements that assure safety and privacy of data transmission. Online payment instruments currently available are electronic banking payment services, payment cards, e-wallets, and Moneta. The comparison of payment instruments was carried based on multiple criteria and with the use of a comparing table. This way the properties of specific online payment instruments were presented and compared