WELDING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WELDED JOINTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES

V diplomski nalogi je obravnavana problematika varjenja jeklenih konstrukcij v gradbeništvu. Skozi celotno delo predstavljamo obnašanje zvarjenih spojev, katerih kakovost je odvisna od kemijske sestave in kristalizacije jekel. Ker je v današnjem času razvitih že zelo veliko število različnih postopkov varjenja, smo se omejili na opis le tistih, ki so najpogosteje uporabljeni za spajanje jeklenih konstrukcij v gradbeništvu. V drugem poglavju smo najprej predstavili zgodovino razvoja varjenja in znanstvenike, ki so s svojimi odkritji pomembno vplivali na razvoj varjenja. V nadaljevanju sledi kratek opis kemijske sestave in oblike kristalizacije železa in jekla, katerih poznavanje je zelo pomembno za uspešno izvedbo spajanja. V diplomskem delu smo opisali vrste stikov in zvarov, ki se jih v gradbeništvu največkrat poslužujemo, njihove oblike in simbole za označevanje, napake, ki lahko nastajajo med varjenjem in njihove kontrole ustreznosti. Podani so postopki ugotavljanja sposobnosti varivosti jekel in kriteriji, katere moramo upoštevati že pri načrtovanju zvarnega spoja.This diploma thesis deals with the problem of welding of steel structures in buildings. Throughout the work we present the behavior of welded joints, which quality is depend aut on the chemical composition and crystallization of steel. Since a viariety of different welding processes is developed up today, we focus on the description of only those which are most commonly used for joining the steel structures in civil enginearing. The second chapter briefly presents the history of the development of welding and the scientists who significantly influenced the development of welding. Below is a brief description of the chemical composition and form of the crystallization of iron and steel, which knowledge is very important for successful implementation of the welding. The diploma thesis describes the types of connections and welds which are many times in use in the construction industry, their shapes and symbols for marking errors that may occur during welding, and their quality control. The assessment of weldability procedures are shown as well as criterias, which should be considered when designing the welded joint