VOICE IDENTIFICATION

Identifikacija glasu je še vedno zelo aktualna tema. Namen diplomske naloge je preučiti in predstaviti to področje. Metoda je še vedno dokaj nepoznana in je tudi le redkokdaj uporabljena, preiskovalci in sodišča pa je ponekod še vedno ne priznavajo kot zanesljiv vir podatkov. Identifikacija glasu se lahko uporablja pri preiskovanju večine oblik kriminalnih dejanj. V preteklosti se pojavlja kar nekaj primerov, ko so sodišča obsodila napačne osebe samo na podlagi pričanja nekoga, ki je narobe prepoznal glas. To je spodbudilo psihologe k preučevanju sposobnosti identifikacije oseb po glasu. Na to temo je bilo izvedenih nekaj tujih raziskav, v katerih so ugotavljali, kako uporabna naj bi bila ta metoda kot dokaz na sodiščih. V prvem delu teoretičnega dela diplomske naloge smo na kratko predstavili biometrijo oziroma biometriko, kot jo nekateri tudi imenujejo. V sklopu tega dela smo predstavili biometrične metode in njihove lastnosti, biometrične sisteme ter zanesljivost in pomanjkljivost biometričnih metod. V drugem delu smo predstavili identifikacijo oseb po glasu. Na kratko smo povzeli nekaj o glasu, zgodovini, preiskavi, snemanju glasu, verodostojnosti posnetka ter tujih raziskavah. V sklopu diplomske naloge smo izvedli tudi preprosto raziskavo s pomočjo študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede. Pri tem nas je zanimalo, ali uspešna identifikacija glasu upada s potekom vse daljšega časovnega obdobja (en teden, trije tedni, pet tednov) od poslušanja/slišanja spornega glasu. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če je po preteklem daljšem časovnem obdobju identifikacija še vedno zanesljiva. Rezultati raziskave so potrdili naše domneve o upadu zanesljivosti identifikacije.Voice identification is still a very topical subject and the purpose of the thesis is to study and present this field. This method is still quite unknown and rarely used. Some investigators and courts still don’t recognize it as a reliable source of information. Voice identification can be used in most investigations of criminal acts. In the past there are quite a few cases, where courts have convicted wrong persons based just on the testimony of someone, who wrongly recognized their voice. This encouraged psychologists to study the ability of identifying a person through voice identification. Several foreign researches have been carried out in order to determine the usefulness of this method as evidence in courts. In the first part of the theoretical part of the thesis we briefly presented biometrics, namely biometric methods and their characteristics, biometric systems, the reliability and deficiencies. In the second part we presented the identification of persons based on their voice. We shortly summarized the basics of the voice, the history of voice identification and the identification as such, voice recording, reliability of the recording and foreign researches. As part of the thesis we also carried out a short research with the help of students of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security. We wanted to find out, if it is true, that the success of voice identification decreases with the passed time from the listening/hearing of the suspicious voice. We also wanted to prove, if voice identification is still reliable after a longer period of time. The results of the research proved our hypotheses on the decrease of the reliability of voice identification