LEGAL REGULATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PATIENT RIGHTS BEFORE SURGERY

Pravice pacientov, ki izhajajo iz osnovnih človekovih pravic, so pravice ljudi, ki potrebujejo in uporabljajo zdravstvene storitve. Pravice pacientov so se razvijale skozi stoletja, tako kot večina drugih dosežkov mednarodnega prava, prek mednarodnih pogodb – konvencij, deklaracij in listin v svetovnem okviru ter dokumentov Evropske unije in Sveta Evrope v evropskem okviru. Najpomembnejša sprememba na področju varstva pacientovih pravic v Republiki Sloveniji je bil sprejem Zakona o pacientovih pravicah. Za uresničevanje pacientovih pravic v zdravstvenih ustanovah sta pomembna opredelitev pacientovih pravic ter izobraževanje zaposlenih in pacientov o teh pravicah. Raziskovalna metodologija: Rezultati so predstavljeni z deskriptivno statistiko. Raziskovalni vzorec predstavlja 150 pacientov, ki so bili zdravljeni na Kliniki za kirurgijo UKC Maribor, in 150 zaposlenih na Kliniki za kirurgijo UKC Maribor. Raziskava je potekala v mesecih aprilu in maju 2014. Podatke, ki smo jih pridobili z anketnimi vprašalniki, smo analizirali ločeno za vzorec zaposlenih in vzorec pacientov. Ločene podatke smo primerjali. Dobljene podatke smo preverili na osnovi statistične zanesljivosti. Podatki so bili statistično obdelani s programom SPSS. Rezultati: Raziskava na Kliniki za kirurgijo UKC Maribor je pokazala, da imajo zdravstveni delavci in pacienti dobro mnenje o izvajanju pacientovih pravic pred operacijskim posegom. Mnenje pacientov je statistično značilno boljše od mnenja zdravstvenih delavcev. Najpogostejši predlogi za boljše uresničevanje pacientovih pravic, ki so jih predlagali zaposleni, so bili večje število zaposlenih, več izobraževanj o komunikaciji in boljša organizacija dela. Najpogostejši predlog pacientov za boljše uresničevanje pacientovih pravic pred operacijskim posegom je skrajšanje čakalnih dob za preglede in operacijske posege. Obe skupini anketirancev se strinjata, da se pacientom posveča premalo časa. Sklep: Uresničevanje pacientovih pravic lahko zagotovijo izvajalci zdravstvene oskrbe, zato morajo poznati Zakon o pacientovih pravicah ter imeti dodatna znanja iz komunikacije, etike in kakovosti v zdravstveni obravnavi pacientov. Potrebna so dodatna izobraževanja za zdravstvene delavce. Uvesti bi morali tudi enotne evidence o kršitvah pacientovih pravic na nivoju države, saj bi lahko na podlagi teh izdelali ukrepe in strategijo za njihovo izboljšanje.Patients\u27 rights deriving from the basic human rights are the rights of people who need and use the health services. Patients\u27 rights have evolved over the centuries, like most of other international law achievements, through treaties - conventions, declarations and documents in a global context and documents of the European Union and the Council of Europe in the European context. The most significant change in the field of patients\u27 rights protection in the RS was the adoption of the Patients\u27 Rights Act. For the realization of patients\u27 rights in health care facilities, a definition of patients’ rights and education of staff and patients of these rights is important. Research Methodology: Results are presented by descriptive statistics. The research sample represents 150 patients who were treated at the Department of Surgery UKC Maribor and 150 employees at the Department of Surgery UKC Maribor. The survey was conducted in April and May 2014. Data, which were obtained by the questionnaire, were analyzed separately for the sample of employees and the sample of patients. Separated data were compared. The obtained data were checked on the basis of statistical reliability. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS. Results: The research at the Department of Surgery UKC Maribor has showed that healthcare workers and patients have a positive opinion of the application of patients\u27 rights before the surgery. The patients’ opinion is significantly better than the opinion of healthcare workers. The most common suggestions for better implementation of patients’ rights suggested by the employees were more staff, more education on the theme of communication and a better organization of work. The most common patients’ proposal for a better implementation of the patient\u27s rights before the surgery was to reduce waiting times for examinations and surgical interventions. Both groups of respondents agreed that the patients are not getting enough attention. Conclusion: The implementation of patients\u27 rights can be provided by the healthcare providers. It is therefore necessary for them to know the Patients’ Rights Act and to have an additional knowledge of communication, ethics and the quality of the patients’ medical treatment. Additional education for healthcare workers is necessary. They should also introduce a single record for violations of patients\u27 rights at the state level, as on the basis of these they could make measures and a strategy for improving them