PHENOMENON OF THE NEAR DEATH EXPIRIENCE

Teoretično izhodišče. S fenomenom obsmrtne izkušnje označujemo posebne izkušnje spremenjenega stanja zavesti, ki se pojavijo ob bližajoči se telesni smrti. Namen diplomske naloge. Raziskali smo fenomen obsmrtne izkušnje in njegove značilnosti tako pri odraslih kot pri otrocih. Predstavljeni so primeri obsmrtnih doživetij po svetu in v Sloveniji. Namen je bil tudi poiskati teorije in lestvice, ki merijo omenjen fenomen. Raziskovalna metodologija. Uporabljen je bil sistematični pregled literature. Iskali smo po bibliografski bazi MEDLINE s ključno besedo "near death experience" in dobili 91 zadetkov od tega smo jih v diplomskem delu uporabili 45. Rezultati. Ugotovili smo, da v svetu narašča število raziskav na področju fenomenologije obsmrtnih izkušenj in s tem povezano so v svetu zdravstveni delavci ustrezno strokovno usposobljeni za delo s pacienti, ki so doživeli obsmrtne izkušnje. Ravno nasprotno lahko zaključimo za Slovenijo, saj je pri nas opravljena samo ena raziskava iz področja obsmrtnih izkušenj. Iz rezultatov vidimo, da vsak 5 Slovenec po zastoju srca na terenu doživi obsmrtno izkušnjo. Identificirali smo dva merilna instrumenta za merjenje obsmertne izkušnje: Indeks ocene obsmrtne izkušnje (WCEI - Weighted core experience index) in Greysonovo NDE lestvico. Ugotavljamo, da obstajajo tudi negativne obsmrtne izkušnje, ki lahko vodijo v samomor. Otroci svoje obsmrtne izkušnje največkrat narišejo v obliki močne svetlobe, lepe pokrajine ali nadzemeljskega bitja. Fenomen še vedno ni natančno pojasnjen in oblikovanih je več teorij kot so: teorija odmiranja možganov, Darwinova teorija, teorija halucinacij, temporalnega lobusa, pomanjkanja kisika in teorija spomnina na rojstvo.Theoretical starting point. With the phenomenon of near-death experiences we describe specific states of consciousness that occur when approaching physical death. Purpose. We described the phenomenon of near-death experiences and their characteristics in adults and children. From different scientific publications, we searched for examples of NDE’s in the world and in Slovenia. The purpose was also to find scales which measure the mentioned phenomenon. Research Methodology. We used a systematic overview of the literature. We searched in the bibliographic database MEDLINE with keyword »near death experience« and we got 91 results and we used 45 of them. Results. We found that the world has growing number of Studies in the field of phenomenology of near-death experiences and that the world\u27s health workers are properly trained to work with patients who have experienced a near-death experience. The exact opposite conclusion is for Slovenia as it is with us only one recent study in the field of near-death experience. Conclusion of this study was that the every 5th Slovenian, after cardiac arrest, experienced near-death experience. We identified two measuring instruments for the measurement of near death experiences: Index of near death experiences (WCEI - Weighted Core Experience Index) and Greyson\u27s NDE scale. We found that there are negative near death experiences, which could lead to suicide. Children often paint their near death experience in the form of bright light, beautiful landscape or surreal creatures. Phenomenon is still not fully researched and there are several theories such as theory of brain death, Darwin\u27s theory, the theory of hallucinations, temporal lobe, the lack of oxygen and theory of memory of the birth