CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY X

Podjetja svoje storitve oziroma izdelke na trgu prodajajo večinoma z odlogom plačila. Vse do prejema plačila zanje nosijo kreditno tveganje oziroma možnost, da ti ne bodo delno ali v celoti poplačani. Gre za tveganje neizpolnitve obveznosti nasprotne stranke. Prepoznavanje tveganj in priložnosti je permanentna naloga vseh zaposlenih in stalen proces v podjetju. Izvaja se z uporabo različnih metod in orodij: popis dogodkov, analize, primerjave, spremljanje dogodkov, intervjuji s ključnimi zaposlenimi ipd. Prepoznava in natančna ocena tveganja omogoča, da so podjetja nanje pripravljena in se odzivajo pravočasno ter s pravilnimi ukrepi. Produktivnejša, učinkovitejša, donosnejša in plačilno sposobnejša podjetja aktivno vključujejo upravljanje, obvladovanje in nadziranje kreditnih tveganj v celovito politiko podjetja. Tveganje v gradbeništvu (Bisnode Failure model) je bilo že leta 2010 za 11% višje kot v celotnem slovenskem gospodarstvu (Bisnode, 2011), kot posledica padca investicij (za 16%), njihovih cen, likvidnostnih težav podjetij, plačilne nediscipline (po podatkih Ajpes 29,4% dolgov iz naslova sodnih sklepov o izvršbi in davčnega dolga) idr.. Velik delež terjatev v sredstvih (60,2%) prav gotovo kaže na visoko izpostavljenost kreditnemu tveganju tudi na primeru gradbenega podjetja v diplomskem delu. Njegovo obvladovanje se uresničuje z učinkovitim managementom terjatev, ki vključuje kreditno analizo, redno ocenjevanje finančnega stanja partnerjev, oblikovanje njihove bonitetne ocene in kreditnih pogojev ter uporabo učinkovitih instrumentov zavarovanja plačil (predplačila, bančna garancija, poroštva, zastava premičnin, nepremičnin, akreditivi idr.).Companies sell their services or products on the market mainly with deferred payment. Until they receive the payment there is the credit risk, the possibility that they will not be partially or fully paid. This is the risk of counterparty default. Identifying the risks and opportunities is a permanent task of all employees and an ongoing process in the company. It is conducted by using various methods and tools, such as inventories of events, analyses, comparisons, monitoring of events and interviewing key employees. An identification and accurate risk assessment allows the company to respond in due time and proper measures. Companies which are more productive, more efficient, more profitable and able to pay more are actively involved in the management, control and monitoring of credit risk in the company\u27s policy. The risk in construction (Bisnode Failure model) was in 2010 already 11 % higher than in the entire Slovenian economy (Bisnode, 2011), resulting in the drop of investment (for 16 %), their prices, liquidity problems, financial indiscipline (according to the Ajpes data 29.4 % of debts arise from court decisions on enforcement and tax debt) etc. A large proportion of assets in the funds (60.2 %) certainly shows a higher exposure to the credit risks in the construction company in this thesis. This is achieved mainly by the proper and effective management of financial business claims, including: credit analysis, regular assessment of the partners\u27 financial position, setting up their ratings, credit terms and the effective use of instruments of protection against credit risk (advance payments, bank guarantees, surety, pledge of movable property, estates, letters of credit, etc.)