OFFENCES AGAINST SEXUAL INTEGRITY OF MINORS

Hujša dejanja zoper spolno nedotakljivost so kazniva in družbeno škodljiva ravnanja, ki se povsod sodno preganjajo, ker so v večini primerov kazniva dejanja. Prelomnico v zgodovini spolnih zlorab je prineslo delo Alice Miller, ki je podala ugotovitev, da nesposobnost odraslih za skrb otrok in nesposobnost odgovarjati na emocionalne potrebe otroka, velikokrat privedeta do spolnih zlorab. V sklopu Zakonodaje na območju današnje Slovenije skozi zgodovino je pomemben avstrijski Kazenski zakonik o zločinih, prestopkih in prekrških iz leta 1852, in sicer vse do uveljavitve enotnega kazenskega zakona Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Definicij o tem, kaj je spolno zlorabljanje otrok, je veliko in se razlikujejo zaradi mnogih družbenih dejavnikov, na splošno pa lahko povemo, da je spolna zloraba neprostovoljen spolni kontakt, pri katerem je zlorabljen otrok za zadovoljevanje spolnih potreb ali želja storilca. Vsem načinom in aktivnostim je skupno to, da odrasla oseba zlorabi svojo moč in avtoriteto, otroka zavede in ga na silo potisne v seksualno aktivnost. Kar se tiče storilcev spolnih zlorab, lahko izpostavimo dejstvo, da le-teh ni mogoče prepoznati že na prvi pogled. Raziskave kažejo, da je med storilci veliko več moških in starejših fantov kot pa žensk. V zvezi z zakonodajo, ki je od vstopa Slovenije v Evropsko unijo prilagojena evropskim standardom, ima na področju varovanja človekovih pravic posebno mesto Konvencija Združenih narodov o otrokovih pravicah, sledijo pa ji Splošna deklaracija človekovih pravic in Deklaracija o otrokovih pravicah. Z zlorabo otrok se ukvarjajo policija, centri za socialno delo, sodstvo, tožilstvo in mnogi drugi, ki sodelujejo, ko je prisotno kršenje otrokovih pravic.Criminal and socially harmful actions are severe actions against inviolability of sexual integrity, and due to the fact that these are mostly criminal offences, are prosecuted throughout the world. The turning point in the history of sexual abuse was the work of Alice Miller, who established the conclusion that the inability of adults to take care of their children and to address their emotional needs often result in sexual abuse. Until the implementation of the uniform penal law of the Republic of Yugoslavia, the Austrian Penal Code on crimes, infringements and misdemeanours from 1852 was valid in Slovenian territory. There are several definitions of child sexual abuse that differ due to numerous social factors. In general, sexual abuse is involuntary sexual contact, where a child is being used to satisfy the sexual needs or desires of the offender. What is common to all methods and activities is that the adult person is using his/her power and authority, misleading the child and violently forcing him/her into sexual activity. The fact is that the offenders of child sexual abuse cannot be recognized at first glance. Studies suggest that more men and older boys than women are found among the offenders. With regard to the legislation, which is adapted to the European standards since Slovenia joined the European Union, special task in the field of protection of human rights is carried out by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, followed by Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Declaration of Children’s Rights. Dealing with children’s abuse within the frame of breaching children’s rights is in domain of the police, social work centres, judiciary, state prosecution, and many other entities