AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SLOVENIAN SYSTEM OF RABIES PREVENTION AND CONTROL

V magistrskem delu smo predstavili virus stekline, opisali poti prenosa, simptome, diagnostiko ter zdravljenje bolezni. Opisali smo ukrepe pred in po izpostavljenosti okužbi. Pripravili smo pregled sistema, ki ga v Sloveniji za preprečevanje stekline izvaja veterinarska in zdravstvena služba. Opisali smo vlogo medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju okužbe. Predstavljena je specializirana antirabična ambulanta kot pomemben člen pri varovanju zdravja poškodovancev s strani živali. Metodologija raziskovanja: Raziskava temelji na analitični presečni epidemiološki metodi dela. Instrument raziskave je bila lastno zasnovana anketa, pri sestavi katere smo se opirali na smernice, ki jih predlaga WHO za obravnavo pacientov, pri katerih obstaja sum na izpostavljenost virusu stekline. Anketirali smo 100 ljudi, ki so zaradi kakršnega koli razloga obiskali antirabično ambulanto OE NIJZ. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da večina ljudi obišče ambulanto zaradi stika z domačo živaljo, v domačem okolju, s poznanim psom. Večina jih je bila obravnavanih po III. kategoriji izpostavljenosti glede na stik z živaljo. Pri večini ljudi je šlo za prvo takšno obravnavo. Malo manj kot polovica anketirancev je zdravstveno pomoč poiskalo takoj. Ljudje, poškodovani po stiku z živaljo, v večini primerov poiščejo pomoč zdravstvene službe v osnovni dejavnosti oziroma v nujni medicinski pomoči, nekateri pa tudi neposredno v antirabični ambulanti. Sklep: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da se s strani živali poškodovane osebe poiščejo pomoč v antirabični ambulanti in da izobrazba ne vpliva na čas iskanja zdravstvene oskrbe po poškodbi. Mreža antirabičnih ambulant v OE NIJZ omogoča neprekinjen dostop za pravočasno oskrbo poškodovanih oseb, celo brez predhodnega stika z izbranim zdravnikom ali nujno medicinsko pomočjo. Potrebno pa je nameniti dodatno pozornost informiranju ljudi o pravilni oskrbi rane po poškodbi s strani živali in da morajo dosledno obiskati antirabično ambulanto.In this master\u27s thesis we presented the rabies virus, described its modes of transmission, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of disease. We described the actions to prevent the disease before and after exposure to the virus. We prepared a review of Slovenian system of rabies prevention and control, which are covered by veterinary and medical actions. We described the work and the role of a nurse in providing the prevention of infection. There is a specialized antirabic clinic presented as an important link in protecting the health of people who were injured by animals. Research methodology: The study is based on an analytical cross-sectional epidemiological method of work. The instrument of the research was an own designed survey, the composition of which we relied on the guidelines proposed by the WHO for prevention of patients suspected of being exposed to rabies virus. We interviewed 100 people who visit, for whatever reason, a specialized antirabic clinic. Results: We found that most people visited the specialized antirabic clinic because of a contact with a domestic animal, with known dogs in a home environment. Most of them were dealt with according to III. category of exposure in relation to contact with the animal. For most people it was the first such treatment. A little less than half of the respondents sought medical assistance immediately. People injured by contact with an animal, in most cases, seek the help of health services in a primary unit or in an emergency aid, some directly in a specialized antirabic clinic. Conclusion: The results of the survey show that by the animal injured person seek help in specialized antirabic clinic and that education has no effect on the time of seeking medical care after an injury. Community of specialized antirabic clinic at OE NIJZ enables continuous access to timely care of injured people, even without prior contact with primary unit or emergency aid. Nevertheless, it is an additional emphasis on informing of people about the proper care of wounds after being injured by the animals and that they must consistently visit specialized antirabic clinic