GENOCIDE IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA AND RWANDA

Živimo v času, ki ga kljub domala nepregledni množici pravnih dokumentov s področja spoštovanja, zagotavljanja in varovanja človekovih pravic, še vedno zaznamujejo številne vojne, z njimi pa zločini proti človečnosti. Pričujoča diplomska naloga je primerjalna analiza zločina genocida v Bosni in Hercegovini in v afriški državi Ruandi. V primeru genocida v Bosni in Hercegovini, ki se je zgodil med vojno v letih 1992-1995, so bosanski Srbi leta 1995 v Srebrenici izvedli etnično čiščenje, v katerem je bilo pobitih več kot 8.000 muslimanov. V drugem primeru, pa gre za genocid, ki se je zgodil med državljansko vojno od leta 1990-1994 v Republiki Ruandi. V genocidu, ki so ga izvedli Hutuji, je bilo pobitih med 800.000 in 1.000.000 Tutsijev in zmernih Hutujev. V obeh državah je pobijanje potekalo na zelo krute in nehumane načine, žrtve pa so bile izbrane zgolj na osnovi etnične pripadnosti. Oba genocida sta usodno zaznamovala življenja mnogih ljudi. Zaradi obsežnosti mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, so v diplomski nalogi na kratko zajeta le bistva, zaradi lažje razumljivosti. V mednarodnih oboroženih spopadih pa je vedno prihajalo tudi do kršenja človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, zato je nekaj besed namenjeno tudi pomenu človekovih pravic in pravu o le-teh. Genocidna morija se je začela z genocidom Turkov nad Armenci, sledil je Holokavst Nemcev nad Židi, po 2. svetovni vojni pa se je število zločinov proti človečnosti le še stopnjevalo. Eno najodmevnejših je bilo krvavo obdobje Rdečih Kmerov v Kambodži in krizno žarišče v Sudanu (Darfurju), sledili so poboji v Burundiju in Ruandi ter na področju bivše Socialistične federativne republike Jugoslavije. Prav zaradi vseh teh množičnih pobojev in genocidov bi lahko to stoletje poimenovali kar »stoletje genocida«.We live in a time that is, despite numerous legal documents about respect, assurance and protection of human rights still characterized with wars and crimes against humanity. This thesis is a comparative analysis of genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in the African country of Rwanda. In the case of the genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina, that took place during the war from 1992 to 1995, the Bosnian Serbs in the year 1995 in Srebrenica, carried out an ethnical cleansing, that took the lives of more than 8.000 Muslims. In the second case the genocide occurred in the civil war between 1990 and 1994 in Rwanda. It was carried out by Hutus and it killed between 800.000 and 1.000.000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus. The killing was very cruel in both countries and the selection of the victims was based solely on their ethnicity. Both genocides left a significant mark on people’s lives. Because of the great scale of international humanitarian law, this thesis covers only the basics. Because the human rights were always violated in the international armed conflicts, I will also spend a few words about the laws of the human rights and the meaning of them. A genocide slaughter was started with Turkish genocide over Armenian population, afterwards has followed Holocaust of German over Jews during, and after the World War II number of crimes against humanity has only increasing. One of the most notable was bloodily period of Red Khmer in Cambodia and hot spot in Sudan (Darfur), followed mass carnage in Burundi, Rwanda, and on filed of former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Due to all this mass slaughters and genocides that have been committed in the last century we could named it »century of genocide«