SLOVENIAN FINANCIAL COLLATERAL IN THE EUROSISTEM

Kot odraz implementacije Direktive 2002/47/ES imamo v Sloveniji Zakon o finančnih zavarovanjih že vse od leta 2004. Namen direktive je bil ustvariti enoten pravni okvir finančnega zavarovanja v Evropski uniji in odpraviti formalne ovire, kar naj bi vodilo v povezan in učinkovit finančni trg. Glede na smernice Direktive 2002/47/ES je obstoječi zakon zagotavljal sklepanje finančnih zavarovanj s pomočjo finančnih instrumentov in gotovine pri zavarovanjih vseh vrst transakcij na kapitalskih trgih. Zaradi gospodarske krize in kreditnega krča je bila sprejeta Direktiva 2009/44/ES, ki širi predmet oziroma seznam sredstev finančnih zavarovanj na bančna posojila. Torej denarne terjatve, ki izhajajo iz kreditne pogodbe. Finančno zavarovanje je prenos finančnega instrumenta, gotovine ali bančnega posojila v zavarovanje ali zastavna pravica na finančnem instrumentu, gotovini ali bančnem posojilu. Glavni cilj Direktive 2009/44/ES je olajšati dostop do finančnih sredstev, znižati stroške obratnega kapitala in znižati stroške posojilojemalcem. Potrebno je bilo olajšati in odpraviti nacionalne ovire pri ustanavljanju tovrstnih finančnih zavarovanj, ter poenotiti pravila za poslovanje med centralnimi bankami, s čimer bo spodbujena čezmejna uporaba teh zavarovanj.The Financial Collateral Act has been in force in Slovenia since 2004 as a result of the implementation of Directive 2002/47/EC. The purpose of the directive was to create a uniform legal framework for financial collateral in the European Union and eliminate formal obstacles in order to facilitate the establishment of an integrated and efficient financial market. In accordance with the guidelines of Directive 2002/47/EC, the existing law regulates the provision of financial collateral in the form of cash and securities in the insurance of all types of transactions on financial markets. In the aftermath of the economic crisis and the credit crunch, the EU adopted Directive 2009/44/EC, which broadens the scope of collateral by including credit claims among assets eligible for collateralisation. Financial collateral is the pledging of a security, cash or bank loan as collateral, or a lien on a security, cash or bank loan. The principal aim of Directive 2009/44/EC is to facilitate access to financing, reduce the cost of working capital and cut borrowing costs. It was necessary to reduce and remove national obstacles to the provision of such financial collateral and unify the rules for central bank settlement, which will encourage the cross-border use of financial collateral