SYSTEM OF REGULTSTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN SLOVENIA AND EUROPEAN UNION

Poklicne bolezni lahko opredelimo kot bolezni, povzročene z daljšim neposrednim vplivom delovnega procesa in delovnih pogojev na določenem delovnem mestu ali na delu, ki sodi v neposredni okvir dejavnosti na podlagi katere je oboleli zavarovan. Te bolezni so posledica različnih bioloških, kemičnih, fizičnih in psiholoških dejavnikov, ki so prisotni v določenem okolju. Nekatere poklicne bolezni se pojavljajo samo v določenih dejavnostih in poklicih, druge pa se lahko pojavljajo skoraj v vseh panogah. Zgodovina pojavljanja sega daleč nazaj, saj so se začele pojavljati tam in takrat, kjer se je začelo človeško delo. Svet se spreminja in tudi to je vplivalo na naravo poklicnih bolezni in pojavljanje vedno novih. So pomemben kazalec o negativnem zdravju delavce. Države se razlikujejo v svojih načinih reševanja teh bolezni in jih s svojimi nacionalnimi zakonodajami urejajo. Poznavanje števila in pogostosti poklicnih bolezni v različnih dejavnostih in poklicih daje pomembno osnovo za spremljanje in določanje prioritet preventivnih aktivnosti za izboljšanje zdravja in varnosti pri delu, kajti le zdravo in varno delovno okolje bistveno vpliva na produktivno in kakovostno delo. Ureditev poklicnih bolezni zato predstavlja za marsikatero državo velik izziv za prihodnost, s katerim se mora resnično soočiti in ga ustrezno urediti.Occupational diseases can be defined as diseases caused by the longer direct influence of work processes and work conditions at a specific workplace or work belonging to a frame of activities which serves as a basis on which the affected is insured. These diseases are a consequence of biological, chemical, physical and psychological factors which are present in a specific environment. Some occupational diseases occur only in specific activities and occupations, others can occur in almost all industries. The history of occurrence dates as far back as to the time and place, where human race first started to work. Changes in everyday life routine influence the nature of occupational diseases and cause many new ones. These diseases are a major indicator of workers’ poor state of health. The ways of dealing with these kinds of diseases differ from country to country and are arranged by law. Knowing the number and frequency of occupational diseases in different industries and professions offers an important basis for monitoring and setting priorities of preventive activities to improve health and safety at work as only a healthy and safe work environment provides productive and quality work. For many countries the regulation of occupational diseases presents a major challenge for the future and the problem should be confronted and regulated properly