Acute respiratory distress of a child with respiratory infection

Akutna dihalna stiska otroka je kompleksno bolezensko stanje, ki prizadene ves otrokov organizem. Definiramo jo kot nezmožnost zadostnega mešanja kisika in ogljikovega dioksida v pljučnih mešičkih, ki je nujno za presnovne potrebe organizma. V diplomski nalogi smo predstavili vzroke in znake dihalne stiske pri otrocih ter vlogo medicinske sestre. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti kako medicinske sestre prepoznajo stanje akutne dihalne stiske pri otroku in kako se ob tem odzovejo. Raziskovalna metodologija. Za raziskavo je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Kot raziskovalni instrument, smo uporabili delno strukturiran vprašalnik. Kvantitativne podatke smo statistično obdelali s pomočjo računalniškega programa Microsoft Excel ter jih ponazorili v obliki frekvenčnih grafikonov. Rezultati. Medicinske sestre zaposlene v pediatrični zdravstveni negi, na pulmološkem področju v eni izmed bolnišnic v Sloveniji zelo dobro poznajo vzroke ter znake akutne dihalne stiske. Na drugih oddelkih klinike se z dihalno stisko srečujejo redkeje, vendar so o znakih in ukrepih ob dihalni stiski kljub temu poučene. Povzročitelje ter okužbe dihal, ki najpogosteje povzročajo akutno dihalno stisko otroka, najbolje poznajo pulmološke medicinske sestre ob tem pa smo ugotovili, da bi znanje o akutni dihalni stiski morali poglobiti na sprejemno-triažnem oddelku, kjer se s tem stanjem pogosto srečujejo. Razprava in sklep. Bolezni dihal, ki se pri otroku pogosto kažejo z znaki akutne dihalne stiske ali obstrukcije v dihalnih poteh, so eden najpogostejših vzrokov, da otrok potrebuje zdravljenje v bolnišnici. Pomembno je, da medicinska sestra dobro pozna klinične znake za možno obstrukcijo dihal in klinične znake dihalne stiske. Le ti opozarjajo na to, da otroku lahko grozi dihalna odpoved, zato je tovrstno delo medicinske sestre ključnega pomena in ima pomemben vpliv na izid zdravljenja pri takšnem otroku.Respiratory distress of a child is a complex condition that affects entire organism. It is defined as inability of sufficient mixing of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli, which is essential for metabolic function of the organism. In the thesis we presented respiratory infections which are most frequently causing accurate respiratory distress and presented the rule of a nurse. The purpose of the thesis was to indentify the knowledge of nursing staff and their reactions when handling respiratory distress. Research methodology. In the thesis descriptive method was being used. As a research instrument we have used partially structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were processed by using computer program Microsoft Excel and the results illustrated in a form of frequency charts. Results. Nursing staff working in the department for pulmonary diseases in one of Slovenian hospital, are very familiar with the causes and symptoms of respiratory distress, as well as they knows how to react on it correctly. Respiratory distress is not so frequent in other hospital departmentshowever nursing staff still has necessary knowledge. Among all departments, pulmonary nursing staff is being able to recognize best the reasons and infections of respiratory distress syndrome, moreover we have found out that the knowledge about respiratory distress could be improved in the triage-receiving department, especially since they are very often in touch with the disease. Discussion and conclusion. A respiratory disease which are being showed at the child as respiratory distress or the obstruction of the respiratory channel are one of the most frequent reasons for a child hospitalization. It is important that nursing staff is being able to recognize the clinical signs of possible obstructions. The signs are indicating that a child could be exposed to respiratory failure that is why nursing staff work is crucial and has a significant impact on outcome of the treatment