COMPOSITION OF ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION

V sodobni mednarodni trgovini so odnosi med gospodarskimi subjekti čedalje bolj prepleteni in zapleteni. Zaradi takšne narave odnosov nemalokrat pride do sporov. Arbitraža se dandanes smatra kot čedalje bolj sprejet način alternativnega reševanja sporov. Tako kot vsem načinom alternativnega reševanja sporov, je mogoče tudi arbitraži pripisati določene prednosti in slabosti. Ena izmed prednosti, ki jih arbitraža ponuja, je tudi možnost strank, da izberejo »sodnike« po svoji izbiri in tako oblikujejo svoj arbitražni tribunal, v katerega imajo polno zaupanje. Stranke lahko same imenujejo arbitre, v skladu z načelom avtonomije volje strank, ali pa imenovanje prepustijo kakšni drugi avtoriteti. Ne glede na to kdo imenuje arbitre, je pomembno, da imajo arbitri kvalitete, ki so v mednarodni trgovinski arbitraži splošno sprejete in uveljavljene, da lahko arbitri sprejmejo sprejemljivo in pravično arbitražno odločbo. V praksi se kot najbolj izpostavljeni kvaliteti omenjata neodvisnost in nepristranskost arbitrov. Postopek sestave arbitražnega tribunala mora biti pravilno izveden, bodisi v skladu z dogovorom strank bodisi v skladu z dogovorjenimi arbitražni pravili. Doslednost v postopku je potrebna, da ne pride do zapletov, saj lahko le-ti nepotrebno zavlečejo in podražajo celoten arbitražni postopek. Ne le da se ob nepravilnostih v postopku sestave arbitražnega tribunala celoten arbitražni postopek znajde v nezavidljivi situaciji, pod vprašaj se lahko postavi celo uspešnost arbitražne odločbe. Da do tega ne prihaja je potrebno spoštovati dogovor glede postopka sestave arbitražnega tribunala. Takšen dogovor pa se seveda mora skladati s sprejetimi pravnimi načeli mednarodne prakse.In modern international trade relations between commercial subjects are increasingly intertwined and complex. Due to such nature of relations it is common that disputes between parties involved arise. Arbitration is offered as more and more established way of alternative dispute resolution. Every manner of alternative dispute resolution, arbitration included, has its advantages and disadvanteges. One of the strenghts arbitration offers is possibility for parties to choose »judges« of their own choice. This way parties can constitute their own arbitral tribunal in which they have full confidence. In accordance with principle of party autonomy parties can nominate arbitrators on their own or they can leave the decision of appointment to some other appointing authority. Nothwithstanding who appointing authority is one thing is undisputed. Arbitrators must posses qualities which are generally accepted and established in international commercial arbitration. Only with required qualities arbitrators can render an acceptable and just arbitral award. In arbitration practice the most exposed and discussed qualities are independence and impartiality of arbitrators. Procedure of compostition of arbitral tribunal must be correctly performed whether in accordance with parties\u27 agreement or in accordance with applicable arbitration rules. In order to prevent complications, which unnecessarily cause delay and additional costs in arbitration proceedings, consistency in constitution procedure is of essential importance. Not only that irregularities in composition procedure put arbitration proceedings in an unenviable position, questionable can become the successfulness of arbitral award as well. Not to let arbitral award be brought under question at post award stage, the agreement regarding composition procedure should be respected. However, such agreement must match accepted law principles of international practice