MARITIME CONTAINER TRANSPORT IN NORTHADRIATIC PORTS

POVZETEK Razvoj transportne tehnologije stremi k oblikovanju večjih tovornih enot in unitiziranju tovora, kar prinaša racionalizacijo transportnega procesa. Unitiziranje je poenotenje tovora z uporabo standardnih transportnih in manipulacijskih enot (kontejnerjev in palet) (Ogorelc 2004, 77). Pomorski kontejnerski transport igra pomembno vlogo v svetovni trgovini. Cilji kontejnerizacije so: • Združevanje kosovnega tovora v večje transportne enote, ki omogočajo transport od »vrat do vrat« (brez razformiranja tovora). • Varna, hitra in racionalna manipulacija in transport tovora. • Optimizacija izkoristka transportne infrastrukture in suprastrukture. • Povečanje tehničnih, tehnoloških in ekonomskih učinkov pri izvajanju transportnih storitev. Najpomembnejše ugotovitve diplomske naloge so: • Severnojadranske luke imajo dober geografski položaj, vendar manj razvito zaledno transportno infrastrukturo. • Pretovor kontejnerjev v vseh izbranih lukah narašča, upad je le v letu 2009, zaradi zmanjšanja gospodarske aktivnosti. • Luka Koper je leta 2010 v pretovoru kontejnerjev prevzela vodilno mesto med severnojadranskimi lukami. • Zmanjšana gospodarska aktivnost je v letu 2009 nekoliko bolj prizadela velike severnoevropske luke. • V opazovanem obdobju (od 2005 do 2010) je skupni pretovor severnojadranskih luk v primerjavi s severnoevropskimi hitreje naraščal.ABSTRACT The development of transport technology tends to create larger cargo units and unitization, which brings about the rationalization of the handling process. Unitization is the act of packaging cargo into standard unit loads such as pallets and containers. Maritime container transporting plays an important role in world trade. The objectives of containerization are: • Combining the larger pieces of cargo transport units, which allows transport from "door to door" (without the splitting of the cargo unit)• Safe, quick and rational handling and transportation of cargo• Optimizing the efficiency of transport infrastructure and superstructure• Increasing technical, technological and economic benefits in the provision of transport services. The most important findings of the diploma thesis are: • North Adriatic ports have a good geographical position, but a less developed hinterland transport infrastructure. • The increase in container throughput in all presented ports, with a decline in 2009 due to a reduction in economic activity. • After 2010, the Port of Koper took a leading place in the transhipment of containers among the North Adriatic ports. • Reduced economic activity in 2009 affected the North European ports more. • In the observed period (2005 to 2010), the total throughput of North Adriatic ports grew faster compared to North European ports