PENSION REFORM IN REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA IN CONNECTION WITH INCREASE AGE LIMITS

S staranjem prebivalstva, nizko nataliteto ter podaljševanjem življenjske dobe se srečujemo tako v Sloveniji, kot drugod po Evropi. Te spremembe povzročajo nekontrolirano naraščanje stroškov javnega pokojninskega zavarovanja, ki silijo države k reformiranju obstoječih sistemov in Slovenija ni nobena izjema. Med pomembnejše vzroke za nastalo situacijo štejemo demografske spremembe, visoko brezposelnost, previsoko raven pravic in predčasno upokojevanje. Vse to je pripeljalo do preobremenjenosti pokojninskih sistemov, saj se postopoma znižujejo prilivi in povečujejo izdatki pokojninske blagajne. Skrb zbujajoče so napovedi, da se bo do leta 2025 število oseb, ki vplačujejo v pokojninsko blagajno izenačilo s številom oseb, ki so upravičeni do izplačil. To posledično pomeni, da se bodo pokojnine, katere bomo prejemali iz obveznega pokojninskega sistema, ki temelji na sistemu medgeneracijske solidarnosti, znižale na raven, ki bo zadostovala zgolj za nujne življenjske potrebe. Vse bolj bodo pomembni drugi viri dohodka, ki ne bodo izhajali iz sistema, ki se financira po dokladnem načinu. V Sloveniji je bila zadnja reforma, ki je prinesla določene spremembe, izvedena leta 2000. Kot v večini držav so tudi pri nas uvedli tristebrni sistem, ki nam v drugem in tretjem stebru omogoča varčevanje po naložbenem principu. Premajhna informiranost oseb o problemu preobremenjenosti pokojninske blagajne, reševanje te problematike odmika v prihodnost, ko bodo vedno bolj pomembni prihodki iz drugega in tretjega stebra. Vse te težave prav tako bremenijo našo državo, saj reforma iz leta 2000 ne more več zagotoviti vzdržnosti pokojninskega sistema. Zaradi tega razloga je slovenska vlada pripravila modernizacijo obstoječega sistema in nadaljnje preoblikovanje pokojninskega sistema. Ne glede na to, da je predlog novega zakona o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju na referendumu doživel bojkot slovenske javnosti, je dejstvo, da bo potrebno že danes nekaj storiti za to, da bi lahko v prihodnosti zagotovili socialno varnost in vzdržnost javnih financ. Poleg veljavnega pokojninskega sistema v Sloveniji, sem v pričujočem diplomskem delu predstavil še evropske pokojninske sisteme, ki delujejo v Nemčiji, Veliki Britaniji ter na Švedskem.With the aging population, low birth rate and longer life expectancy are facing in Slovenia, as elsewhere in Europe. These changes lead to uncontrolled growth in public pension costs, which compel countries to reform the existing systems and Slovenia is no exception. Among the major reasons of this situation are considered demographic changes, high unemployment, excessive level of entitlements and early retirements. All this has led to congestion of pension systems, by gradually decreasing revenues and increasing pension expenditure. Worryingly forecasts are that till year 2025 the number of people paying into the pension fund is going to be equal to the number of persons eligible for disbursements. This implies that the pensions, which we received from the statutory pension system, based on a system of intergenerational solidarity, will fell to a level that is sufficient only for basic life needs. More and more important are going to be other sources of income that do not emerge from a system funded under the PAYG mode. In Slovenia was the last reform, which has brought some changes made in 2000. As in most countries, we also introduced a three-pillar system, which in the second and third pillar allows us saving on investment principle. Lack of informed people about the problem of overburden pension fund, pushes away the resolution of this issue in the future, where there will be an increasingly importance of revenues in the second and third pillar. All these problems also load our country, since the 2000 reform can no longer ensure the sustainability of the pension system. For this reason, the Slovenian Government has prepared a modernization of the existing system and further reforming the pension system. Notwithstanding, that the proposal for a new Law on Pension and Disability Insurance experienced a referendum boycott of Slovenian public, is the fact, that it will be necessary already today to do something, that could ensure the future of social security and sustainability of public finances. In addition to the current pension system in Slovenia, I have in the following thesis also presented the European pension systems operating in Germany, Great Britain and Sweden