Deviations in the blood pressure measurements of the upper arm and forearm with a non-invasive oscilometric method

Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kolikšne so razlike med pravilno izmerjenim krvnim tlakom na nadlakti in tlakom izmerjenim na podlakti. V raziskavo smo vključili 40 prostovoljcev. Neinvazivne meritve krvnega tlaka smo izvedli z avtomatskim merilnikom krvnega tlaka, ki deluje po načelu oscilometrične metode. Tlak smo merili v naključnem zaporedju na nadlaktni in podlakti z manšetami različnih velikosti. Rezultati so pokazali, da so izmerjene vrednosti višje na podlakti kot na nadlakti. Pri povprečni pravilno izmerjeni vrednosti sistoličnega tlaka 127±19 mmHg, smo na podlakti z isto manšeto izmerili višje vrednosti 134±17 mmHg, razlika je bila statistično signifikantna (p<0,001). Vrednosti na podlakti so bile v povprečju za 7,6 mmHg višje od pravilno izmerjenih vrednosti sistoličnega krvnega tlaka. Diastolične vrednosti krvnega tlaka so bile še višje in sicer za 9,2 mmHg (p<0,001). Če smo na nadlakti merili s premajhno manšeto, smo dobili višje vrednosti (133±18 mmHg) v primerjavi s pravimi vrednostmi pridobljenimi z ustrezno manšeto (126±20 mmHg), kar je v povprečju za 6,0 mmHg več in statistično značilno (p<0,001). V primeru, da na nadlakti uporabimo preveliko manšeto so vrednosti sistoličnega krvnega tlaka manjše za 8 mmHg v primerjavi s pravimi vrednostmi (p<0,001). Razlike v diastoličnih vrednostih so bile še višje. Prostovoljce smo prav tako razdelili v skupino kadilcev in nekadilcev, kjer smo v skupini kadilcev opazili precej visoko razliko 12,7 mmHg višjo vrednost izmerjenega tlaka na podlakti (p<0,001) v primerjavi s pravilno izmerjenimi vrednostmi.The purpose of this diploma thesis was to determine what the differences are between the correct blood pressure measured in the upper arm and the pressure measured in the forearm. The research included 40 volunteers. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements were performed with an automatic monitor, which operates on the principle of oscilometric method. The pressure was measured in random order in the forearm and in the upper arm with different size blood pressure cuffs. The results showed that the measured values are higher in the forearm than in the upper arm. With properly measured average systolic pressure values of 127±19 mmHg, we measured higher values in the forearm with the same blood pressure cuff of 134±17 mmHg, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The values in the forearm were on average 7.6 mmHg higher than the correctly measured systolic blood pressure values. Diastolic blood pressure values were even higher, namely 9.2 mmHg (p<0.001). If we measure blood pressure values in the upper arm with a cuff too small, we get higher values (133±18 mmHg) compared with the true values obtained with an appropriate size cuff (126±20 mmHg), which is on average 6.0 mmHg more and statistically significant (p< 0.001). In the event, that we used a cuff which was too big in the upper arm, the values of systolic blood pressure were decreased by 8 mmHg compared with the true values (p<0.001). Differences in the diastolic values were even higher. The volunteers were also divided into two groups of smokers and non-smokers, where we observed a group of smokers was quite a high contrast of 12.7 mmHg higher blood pressure measurements in the forearm (p