JOINT PROPERTY OF SPOUSES - SLOVENE AND DUTCH LAW COMPARED

S sklenitvijo zakonske zveze se med zakoncema vzpostavi premoženjska skupnost, ki vsebuje, glede na zanju veljavni premoženjski režim, različne kategorije premoženja. V slovenskem pravnem sistemu velja premoženjski režim skupnosti v zakonski zvezi odplačno pridobljenega premoženja, po katerem sodi v skupno premoženje vse, kar zakonca pridobita z delom v času trajanja zakonske zveze. Ostalo premoženje se šteje za posebno premoženje vsakega od njiju. Gre za premoženje, ki ga je zakonec pridobil pred sklenitvijo zakonske zveze ter za neodplačne pridobitve, kot so darila in dediščina. Natančneje pa je kategorije premoženja, ki se štejejo kot posebno premoženje, določila sodna praksa. Kljub številnim predlogom za spremembe, slovenski pravni red ne omogoča sklenitve ženitne pogodbe, s katero bi lahko zakonca izključila zakoniti premoženjski režim in ga izbrala oziroma uredila sama. V nizozemskem pravnem sistemu pa velja zakoniti režim univerzalne skupnosti. Ker gre za ekstremen režim, je Nizozemska ena redkih držav, kjer je uveljavljen. V zakonsko premoženjsko skupnost sodi namreč vse premoženje zakoncev, tako tisto, ki sta ga vsak zase pridobila pred sklenitvijo zakonske zveze, kot tudi premoženje, pridobljeno v času njenega trajanja. Obstajajo tudi izjeme, ki jih zakon izrecno določa. Za lastno premoženje zakonca se tako štejejo izrecno določena darila in dediščina, premoženje, ki je z zakoncem v tesni povezavi, pokojninske pravice ter pravice do ustanovitve užitka. Zakoncema na Nizozemskem je zaradi avtonomije volje omogočena sklenitev ženitne pogodbe, s katero se lahko izogneta režimu univerzalne skupnosti in uporabita drug premoženjski režim oziroma ga po svojih potrebah izoblikujeta sama. Njuna avtonomija volje pa kljub temu ni neomejena, saj so nekatere pravice in dolžnosti zakoncev obligatorne.The marriage between spouses establishes a community of property which contains different categories of property according to the applicable property regime. In Slovenian legal system the regime of community property in a marriage for payment of accumulated assets applies. Joint property is property created by the spouses by work in the time of duration of the marriage. Other property is deemed to be separate property of either spouse. This is the property that the spouse gained before the marriage and with gratuitous acquisitions, such as gifts and inheritance. Categories of assets which are considered separate property were more specifically defined by jurisprudence. Despite numerous proposals for change, Slovenian law does not allow the conclusion of a marriage contract which would allow spouses to exclude the statutory property regime and select or make their own property regime. In the Dutch legal system the legal regime of universal community applies. Since it is an extreme regime, the Netherlands is one of the few countries where it is established. All property of spouses belongs to the statutory community of property and comprises all present and future assets and debts of both spouses. There are some exceptions provided by law. Specifically determined gifts and inheritance, assets which have a close affinity with one of the spouse, pension rights and the right of usufruct are considered spouses’ personal assets. Because of the private autonomy, spouses in the Netherlands can enter into a marriage contract and avoid the legal regime of universal community. They can use another property regime or establish their own property regime based on their needs. But their private autonomy is not unlimited and certain rights and duties are mandatory