Koyre\u27s and Vesel\u27s perception of Galileo\u27s scientific recognitions

V diplomski nalogi so obravnavana Koyrejeva in Veselova pojmovanja Galilejevih znanstvenih spoznanj. Znanost in filozofija sta medsebojno tesno povezani, saj se formalno in vsebinsko prekrivata ter druga drugi določata meje spoznanja. Za razumevanje Galilejevega dela je pomembna uvedba kopernikanskega pojmovanja sveta, ki predpostavlja heliocentrično pojmovanje sveta. Le-to zagotavlja gibanje planeta Zemlje okoli središča sveta, torej Sonca. Galilejev filozofski pomen je tesno povezan z znanstveno in filozofsko revolucijo sedemnajstega stoletja, pri čemer je pomembno predvsem Galilejevo specifično pojmovanje narave in vloge izkustva ter z njo povezane eksperimentalne metode v znanosti. To nas pripelje tudi do njegovega matematičnega pojmovanja sveta ter do ugotovitve, da je filozofija narave postala v veliki meri naravoslovna znanost. Pojavijo se filozofska nasprotja med aristotelizmom in platonizmom, pri čemer pa ta boj med filozofijami temelji na različnem pojmovanju pomena matematike in znanosti ter njuni vlogi pri ustvarjanju znanosti o naravi. Zmaga platonizma in z njim tudi Galileja kot prepričanega platonista obenem predstavlja tudi uničenje aristotelovskega pojmovanja sveta, kar pa predstavlja temelj za nadomestitev starega sistema sveta, ki je zagovarjal geocentrično pojmovanje sveta, z novim sistemom sveta, v katerem je predpostavljeno heliocentrično pojmovanje sveta. Glede kozmoloških novih spoznanj je bistvenega pomena uvedba Galilejevega instrumenta daljnogleda ali teleskopa ter njegov pomen za znanstveno raziskovanje in za kopernikansko interpretacijo ter razumevanje Galilejevih kozmoloških odkritij, ki je po vsej verjetnosti celo pomembnejše od samih nebesnih odkritij.This diploma work focuses on Koyre’s and Vesel’s understanding of Galileo’s scientific recognitions. There is a tight bond between science and philosophy due to an overlap of their formality and content, they compliment and determine the knowledge limit of each other. It is of vital importance the introduction of Copernican conception of the world to fully understand Galileo\u27s work. His thesis assumes a heliocentrical conception of the world that asserts the movement of planet Earth around the centre of the world, the Sun. Galileo\u27s philosophical meaning is pictured as a close bond between the scientific and philosophical revolution of the seventeenth century where Galileo\u27s specific conception of nature, the role of experience and with it related experimental methods in science, which lead us to his mathematical conception of the world and to the conclusion that nature\u27s philosophy has become in great amount a natural science. Philosophical conflicts between Aristotelism and Platonism appear. This battle. Between the philosophies is based on different conceptions of mathematics and philosophies importance and their role in creating the science of nature. Platonism victory and with it Galileo’s victory, as an advocate of Platonism, represents the destruction of Aristotel\u27s conception of the world, which is in favour of replacing the old system, based on the geocentrical concept, with a new system which assumes a heliocentrical conception of the world. Due to cosmological innovations we are certain that it is essential for the introduction of Galileo binoculars or a telescope and its importance for scientific research and for Copernican’s interpretation and understanding of Galileo’s cosmological discoveries which are probably even more important than the celestial discoveries themselves