CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SWISS EXCHANGE RATE POLICY AND ITS ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Švica je neodvisna, nevtralna, v mnogih pogledih zelo samosvoja federacija. Njen unikaten politični sistem neposredne demokracije ji je v preteklosti in ji še danes omogoča status države s posebnimi odnosi z Evropsko unijo. Kot nečlanica Evropske unije, ima s slednjo podpisanih več sporazumov, ki so se izkazali kot uspešni. Kljub izredni majhnosti domačega trga in navkljub dejstvu, da nima lastnih virov naravnih bogastev, predstavlja izjemno uspešno gospodarstvo svetovnega formata. Tržno nišo je našla v izvažanju visokokakovostnih in visokocenovnih izdelkih ter storitev, predvsem finančnih, zavarovalniških in bančnih. Sploh bančni sektor doprinese velik delež švicarskemu BDP, za kar se lahko zahvali privatnemu bančništvu in bančni tajnosti. Svojo konkurenčnost vzdržuje, kljub temu, da ima svojo valuto. Švicarski frank se že dlje časa uvršča med pet vodilnih valut sveta. Status trdne valute mu omogočajo občasne intervencije švicarske narodne banke, ki manipulira s količino denarja v obtoku in določanjem obrestne mere. Je skorajda edina država na svetu, ki ohranja pozitivno mednarodno trgovanje s Kitajsko, kar pomeni da več izvozi na Kitajsko kot uvaža iz nje.Switzerland is an independent, neutral, and in many views very distinctive Federation. Its unique political system of direct democracy has in the past and still today makes the status of country with special relations with the European Union. As non-member of the European Union, it has signed several agreements that have proven successful. Despite the extreme smallness of the domestic market and despite the fact that Switzerland does not own natural resources, it represents a highly successful world-class economy. Switzerland has found a niche in the export of high quality and high-value products and services, especially in finance, insurance and banking. Especially, the banking sector contributes a large proportion of Swiss GDP, which it can thank to the private banking and bank secrecy. Switzerland maintains its competitiveness, although it has its own currency. The Swiss franc has been a long time among the five leading currencies of the world. Status of hard currency is enabled by occasional interventions of Swiss National Bank, which manipulates with the amount of money and setting interest rates. It is almost the only country in the world that maintains a positive international trade with China, which means that Switzerland more exports to China