METHODS OF LIMITATION OF THE INFORMAL ECONOMY

V Sloveniji je vedno več socialno ogroženih prebivalcev, ki si želijo z dodatno dejavnostjo, najpogosteje ilegalno, zagotoviti večjo socialno varnost in finančno stabilnost. Ilegalno dejavnost označujemo s terminom siva ekonomija. Slednja vključuje dejavnosti, ki so neregulirane, saj so prikrite in se tako izognejo številnim predpisom in so neobdavčene, saj udeleženci ne plačajo prispevkov. Prav tako jih uradna statistika ne meri, zato je obseg družbenega produkta nepravilen. Gospodarske razmere, ki so se začele zaostrovati s krizo v letu 2008, dodatno prispevajo k povečanem obsegu in zanimanju za delovanje v neformalni ekonomiji. Najpogostejše oblike, kjer je prisotna siva ekonomija, so delo na črno, zaposlovanje na črno, davčna utaja in napačno izkazovaje podatkov. Najvišji obseg neformalne ekonomije pa se pojavlja v naslednjih sektorjih: gostinstvo in turizem, kmetijstvo, gradbeništvo, osebne storitve, storitve gospodinjstev in poslovne storitve. Sivo ekonomijo je potrebno zaradi negativnih vplivov nadzirati in omejevati. Nizke kazni ob ugotovljenih kršitvah dodatno spodbujajo državljane za delovanje v ilegalni dejavnosti. Po vzoru nekaterih evropskih držav bodo slovenski politiki in visoki funkcionarji poskušali omenjeni pojav zajeziti z uvedbo davčnih blagajn, ki onemogočajo finančne nepravilnosti pri poslovanju z gotovino.In Slovenia there is a growing number of deprived residents. They try to ensure better social security and financial stability with an additional activity, most frequently an illegal one. Economic activity that falls outside of purview of government accounting is known by various names: shadow, informal, black, underground, gray, illegal, hidden, clandestine and parallel. Shadow economy includes activities, which are unregulated, because they are hidden and thus avoid many regulations. The official statistics does not measure it and this is the reason that amount of the gross domestic product (GDP) is not correct. In general, no taxes are paid on underground activities which are value-adding. The economic conditions which have begun tightened up in 2008 additional contribute to the large amount of participating in activities of the shadow economy. The activities of informal economy are the most usually found in: catering business and tourism, agriculture, construction, personal services, household services and business services. Almost all countries try to control the shadow economic activities through education, punishment or prosecution. The problem is in the low penalty which encourages the citizens to do illegal activities. The big challenge for every government is to undertake efficient incentive oriented policy measures in order to make the shadow economy less attractive. Slovenian government will try to reduce the size of informal economy with tax coffers which will disable the irregularities made by paying in cash. They will use the European practice