DEVELOPMENT AND MOVEMENT OF TRANSPORT COSTS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Transport je eden najbolj pomembnih faktorjev za mednarodno trgovanje. Vedno nižji stroški transporta so šele omogočili globalizacijo in takšno trgovino, ki jo danes poznamo. Zaradi visoke konkurenčnosti na mednarodnem trgu pa so transportni stroški lahko ključna konkurenčna prednost. V preteklosti se tega še nismo tako zavedali, danes pa se posveča temu področju večja pozornost, kot kažejo številne analize in raziskave. Iz raziskav lahko vidimo, kateri so glavni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na transportne stroške. Poznavanje teh dejavnikov je ključnega pomena za minimiziranje transportnih stroškov, tako lahko že napačna izbira transportnega nosilca, kot smo prikazali, pomeni nepotreben dodaten transportni strošek. Za države v razvoju in nerazvite države je prav transport ključni faktor, preko katerega se lahko vključijo na mednarodni trg. Zato so investicije v izgradnjo infrastrukture tako pomembne. Danes se pa vedno bolj soočamo s težavami v transportu kot so to zastoji in onesnaževanje. Trenutno najbolj diskutirani temi na politični ravni so ravno ti dve. Zato se tudi iščejo rešitve kot so to inteligentno zgrajene infrastrukture, ki zmanjšajo zastoje, nesreče in izpušne pline ali pa nove tehnologije v transportu, ki tudi zmanjšajo onesnaževanje. To so tudi glavne problematike, za katero skuša Evropska Unija najti primerne rešitve in strategije. Pomembnost transporta in vpliv transportnih stroškov se bo še povečala, predvsem ko se bodo še ostale države vključile na mednarodni trg.Transport in one of the most important factors for international trade. The constantly lowering of transport cost made globalization and trade, as we know today, possible. Because of the high competitiveness on international markets, transportation costs may be a key competitive advantage. In the past we did not focus much on this fact, but nowadays more attention is devoted to this area, as shown by a number of analysis’s and researches. From the researches we can see the main factors affecting transport cost. Knowledge of these factors is crucial to minimize transportation costs, so even a wrong choice of transport vehicle, as we showed, can mean unnecessary extra transport cost. For developing counties and underdeveloped countries transport is a key factor, through which they may be included on the international market. Therefore, investment in infrastructure is important. Today we are increasingly confronted with problems like the transport congestion and pollution. Currently these are the most discussed topics on the political level. Therefore they are looking for solutions like intelligent built infrastructures, which reduce congestion, accidents and exhaust gases, or new technologies in transport, which also reduce pollution. These are the main issues for which the European Union is trying to find appropriate solutions and strategies. The importance of transport and the impact of transport costs will increase, especially when they involve other countries on the international markets