EFFECT OF STRESS AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT: EMPLOYEES IN SLOVENIA

Stres je danes pogosto uporabljen pojem, hkrati pa zanj obstaja mnogo opredelitev. Določena količina stresa je potrebna za motivacijo, stres pa je lahko zaradi različnih stresorjev tudi zdravju škodljiv in nevaren. Dejavniki v delovnem okolju, ki povzročajo stres, so vrsta zaposlitve, razmejitev med delom in nedelom, konflikt vlog zaposlenega v delovnem okolju, negotovost vloge, prevelika ali premajhna odgovornost, odgovornost za druge zaposlene, organizacijski dejavniki, nadlegovanje in nasilje na delovnem mestu ter delovne razmere. Dejavniki zunaj delovnega okolja so stresni življenjski dogodki in napori vsakdanjega življenja. Posledice stresa so lahko številčne in raznolike, zato lahko govorimo o posledicah stresa za družbo, organizacijo in posameznika. Na ravni družbe se stres občuti kot povečana odsotnost z dela, izguba proizvodnje, zmanjšana produktivnost, nezgode na delovnem mestu, upad ustvarjalnosti in pomanjkanje svežih idej. V organizacijah stres povzroča visoko raven absentizma, visoko fluktuacijo zaposlenih in večje število delovnih nesreč, hkrati pa se zmanjša stopnja produktivnosti, pojavijo se slabši medsebojni odnosi. Na individualni ravni gre za individualno izgubo dohodka in stroške zdravljenja. Posameznikom so na voljo različne tehnike, ki se lahko uporabljajo za premagovanje stresa: fizične aktivnosti, meditacija, joga, zdravstvena hipnoza, avtogeni trening ter druge. V organizacijah lahko zaposlenim pomagajo premagovati stres s: programi za usposabljanje zaposlenih, kako obvladati stres, programi za ohranjanje zdravja in dobrega počutja ter programi za pomoč zaposlenim. Raziskovalni podatki Eurostata kažejo, da tretjina delavcev nima nadzora nad svojim delom.Nowadays, stress is frequently used notion, and at the same time it has many definitions. A certain extent of stress is needed for motivation, but is can be also harmful and dangerous for health due to various stressors. Factors in working environment, which cause stress include: type of employment, limit between work and non-work, conflict of roles in working environment, uncertainty of the role, too much or too less responsibility, responsibility for other employees, organizational factors, mobbing and violence in the workplace, and working conditions. Factors out of working environment are stressful events and efforts of everyday life. There are numerous and various consequences of stress, which have negative impact on a society, organization and individual. On a level of society stress is reflected in increased absence from work, production loss, lower productivity, accidents in the workplace, decline of creativity and lack of fresh ideas. In organizations stress evokes high level of absenteeism, high fluctuation of employees and higher number of accidents in the workplace, what leads to lower productivity and worse interpersonal relations. On individual level stress means loss of income and higher cost of healing. Individuals can choose from a wide range of techniques for relieving stress, such as: physical activities, meditation, yoga, medical hypnosis, autogenous training, etc. Organizations can help their employees to relieve stress by training programs to manage it, programs for keeping health and well-being, as well as programs to help employees. Findings of the Eurostat survey show, that one third of employees do not control their work