CHARACHERISTICS OF PUBLIC DEBT IN SLOVENIA

Javni dolg je prisoten v vseh razvitih državah EU, kot tudi širom po svetu. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili razne delitve javnega dolga, nekoliko podrobneje pa smo si ogledali sam nastanek in razvoj javnega dolga. Slovenija je tako po osamosvojitvi leta 1991, prevzela del dolgov nekdanje SFRJ. Nato je dolg naraščal zaradi pomoči bankam in nekaterim drugim subjektom, zaradi česar je Republika Slovenija javni dolg še nekoliko povečala. Javni dolg, tako ni nastal kot kopičenje fiskalnih primanjkljajev, temveč se za našim dolgom skriva veliko več. Zaradi različnih delitev javnega dolga, različnih zajemanj javnega dolga smo se osredotočili tudi na to in poskušali pokazati točno katere kategorije spadajo v javni dolg, ter kako na sam javni dolg glede EU. Ugotovili smo, da se država lahko zadolžuje na različnih trgih in pri različnih institucijah. Prav tako za zadolževanje uporablja različne instrumente in metode. Poleg samega zadolževanje pa da daje tudi poroštva in jamstva. V poglavju o opravljanju z javnim dolgom smo poudarili, kako zelo pomembno je uspešno upravljanje javnega dolga in kako se s tem sooča RS. Različne države imajo namreč različne strategije, zelo pomembno pa je, da z dolgom upravljajo tako, da imamo najnižje možne stroške upravljanja in nizko izpostavljenost raznim tveganjem. Po končanem teoretičnem delu pa smo prešli in si pogledali aktualne podatke o samem upravljanju in stanju javnega dolga v RS in ga primerjali z drugimi evropskimi državami. Na tem mestu smo ugotovili, da je Republika Slovenija ena izmed manj zadolženih držav, da pa se javni dolg hitro povečuje. Še smo pod pragom 60 % BDP-ja, ki ga določa EU, vendar po nekaterih ocenah lahko ta prag hitro presežemo. Če upoštevamo vse analize naj bi ga celo že. Slovenija je v letih 2000-2008 konstantno zniževala javni dolg. V letu 2000 je znašal 26,8 % v letu 2008 pa le še 22,5 % BDP. Končna napoved za leto 2010 je 37,9 % BDP. Skok smo pripisali predvsem predfinanciranju dolga in finančni krizi, ki ni prizanesla nikomur. Upamo, da se bo napovedi glede naraščanja javnega dolga ne bodo uresničile in bo država še naprej sposobna kontrolirati javni dolg. Menimo, da ima država še kar nekaj rezerv pri zmanjševanju javnega dolga in upamo, da jih bo uspešno izkoristila.Public debt is a category that is present in practically all developed countries in EU and worldwide. In theoretical part we presented all the categorizations of public debt and analyzed beginnings and development of public debt in Slovenia. After Slovenia became independent in 1991 we took over part of the debt from SFRJ. After that, public debt started growing because government helped banks and some other companies. As result public debt in Slovenia is not on only sum of fiscal deficits from year 1991 until now. Because of all the different categorizations of public debt in Slovenia we also focused on explaining what exactly is included in public debt and what is the view of European Union on public debt. We discovered that country can borrow money on different markets and from many different institutions. Government can also use different instruments and different methods when borrowing money. In chapter about managing public debt, we emphasized how important it is to control public debt and how is Slovenia dealing with it. Different countries use different strategies, but main goal for everyone is to have lowest costs and the lowest risk. After theoretical part we analyzed data about public debt in Slovenia and compared data with other countries in EU. We discovered that public debt in Slovenia is not even that high, comparing it to other countries. Public debt in Slovenia is still below 60 % line of the GDP, which is set by the EU. Some estimates show that public debt can go over this line very quickly. Slovenia was very successful in years 2000-2008 and was constantly lowering its public debt. In year 2000 public debt was only 26,8 % of the GDP and in year 2008 only 22,5 %. In 2010 public debt soared to almost 38 %, mainly because of the pre-financing of the debt and economic crisis. We do hope that the government will be able to control public debt in the future as well, despite the bad outlook. We still have some space for improvement and with that Slovenia should be able to cope with public debt