A CHILD S PERCEPTION OF A GOOD PERSON

V diplomski nalogi Kako predšolski otrok dojema dobro osebo je v teoretičnem delu nekaj besed iz literature namenjenih predstavitvi in bolj natančni opredelitvi pojmov morala, etika, moralna dilema ter različnim vidikom morale, ki jih stroka pozna, saj nam to omogoča boljše razumevanje poglavitnih moralnih idej o dobrem. Dotaknemo se tudi moralnih teorij, ki jih omenja mnogo avtorjev, in dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na otrokov moralni razvoj. Otrokov moralni razvoj je razvejan sistem, ki vpliva na njegove moralne odločitve in na podlagi teh odločitev lahko govorimo o vrednosti življenja, ki ga nekdo živi. Vrednost življenju pa poleg lastnih odločitev dajejo tudi odločitve soljudi. Na podlagi teh predšolski otrok ocenjuje in vrednoti osebo kot dobro ali slabo. Osnovna naloga diplomske naloge je predstaviti videnje in dojemanje dobrega kot osnovnega pojma ter dojemanje dobre osebe s strani predšolskega otroka, hkrati pa tudi osvetliti, kaj vpliva na otrokovo dojemanje dobrega in dobre osebe. V empiričnem delu se bolj podrobno posvetimo vrednotenju in ocenjevanju dobre osebe. S pomočjo ankete, ki jo z otroki izvajamo individualno in načrtno, skušamo ugotoviti, kako otrok sploh razume pojem dobrega, kaj pojem dobrega vse vključuje, kdo je zanj dober in kdo slab, ter kakšen je nabor razlogov za neko moralno dejanje, ki ga izvaja dobra oseba. Končna spoznanja govorijo o tem, da se predšolski otrok pri dojemanju dobrega opira predvsem na svoje lastne izkušnje in znanja, ki jih že ima, hkrati pa ne ignorira mnenja njemu pomembnih najbližjih ljudi – staršev, ki mu predstavljajo avtoriteto.Theoretical part of the graduation paper A child’s perception of a good person includes an introduction and detailed definition, as found in the relevant literature, of the terms morale, ethics, moral dilemma, and various aspects of morale known in the profession, since this allows a better understanding of the key moral ideas of the good. Furthermore, moral theories referred to by many authors are addressed, and aspects affecting a child\u27s moral development. A child\u27s moral development is a complex system that affects the child\u27s moral decisionsbased on these decisions, it is possible to discuss the value of life lived by an individual. The value of life, in addition to one\u27s own decisions, is derived from the decisions of others. This is the background against which a pre-school child evaluates and values a person as either good or bad. The key task of the graduation paper is to present a view and comprehension of the good as a basic term, and perception of a good person by a pre-school child. At the same time, I wish to shed some light on what affects a child\u27s perception of the good, and of a good person. The empirical part deals in more detail with the assessment and evaluation of a good person. A survey conducted among children individually and in a planned manner is aimed at finding out how a child understands the concept of the good, what does such concept include, who is deemed good or bad by a child, and what is the set of reasons for a moral act performed by a good person. In conclusion, it is summarized that pre-school children in apprehension of the good rely above all on their personal experience and knowledge that they already possess, while also considering the opinion of other persons that are close to them and who matter to them – parents, who represent authority